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Agglomeration on an Island

Recently, an approval came for the master plan of the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk agglomeration, which was developed by a consortium headed by the Genplan Institute of Moscow. The document provides for the creation of 12 clusters, the totality of which will give the region a qualitative leap in development and make the island more self-sufficient, more accessible, and less dependent on the mainland. We are inviting you to examine the details.

03 July 2023
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The Genplan Institute of Moscow landed the commission for the development of a master plan of the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk agglomeration in May 2022, after the federal program for developing Far-East cities was launched. For the Eastern Economic Forum, which took place five months later, the municipalities prepared two dozen master plans, and only five of them, after an expert review, reached the presidential level and were recently approved for implementation. Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk was one of them.

The Genplan Institute of Moscow has been working with the city for a long and fruitful time – since 2016; it developed a package of documents for it, the most important of them being the master plan approved in 2021. The situation looks paradoxical, but the team explains that there is no contradiction: the new master plan is fully consistent with the original one, it uses its developments and solutions, but has slightly different goals – primarily to outline and justify the economic development strategy. In addition, the new master plan covers a larger territory – for example, the city of Korsakov, located 30 km to the south on the shore of Aniva Bay.

The consortium headed by the Institute includes Knight Frank – a strategic partner, one of the major players on the market of commercial and high-end residential real estate in Russia. Another member is IND Architects, whose presence also makes perfect sense, since the concept of this team won the competition for the creation of the new model of Korsakov “Ecopolis”. The economic model was supervised by Anton Zaitsev, deputy chairman of the government of the Sakhalin region.

The company called Marta made a package of high-quality visualizations and an interactive map for the Eastern Economic Forum, as well as 3D visualizations for a promo video, which was directed by Yulia Nemova. Watching it makes you want to buy a ticket to the other side of the world, which will soon become economically self-sufficient. On a more serious note, the video reveals the essence of the 300-page album with the materials of the master plan in a very accessible and comprehensible manner.



Acupuncture for Growth

The main thing that distinguishes the new master plan is the macro-processes and the emphasis on the investment component. The economic model is built based on the unique features of the region and mathematical calculations. The planning horizon is about ten years.

Master Plan of the first belt of the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk agglomeration. Agglomeration structure
Copyright: © Genplan Institute of Moscow, IND Architects, Knight Frank


The features of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk look quite promising. Its favorable location in relation to the key markets of the Asia-Pacific region suggests integrating it into the Northern Sea Route, the shortest route from Asia to Europe. Outside the agglomeration, in the north of the island, oil, gas and coal are extracted and refined – these resources need no additional introduction. Numerous natural riches promise a year-round inflow of tourists – lovers of mountain skiing, diving and spectacular views. The fishing industry cannot be neglected either.

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    Master Plan of the first belt of the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk agglomeration. Factor 1 – close proximity to key APR markets
    Copyright: © Genplan Institute of Moscow, IND Architects, Knight Frank
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    Master Plan of the first belt of the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk agglomeration. Factor 2 – Northern Sea Route
    Copyright: © Genplan Institute of Moscow, IND Architects, Knight Frank
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    Master Plan of the first belt of the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk agglomeration. Factor 3 – resource extraction (oil, gas)
    Copyright: © Genplan Institute of Moscow, IND Architects, Knight Frank
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    Master Plan of the first belt of the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk agglomeration. Factor 4 – climate and special conditions of the agglomeration
    Copyright: © Genplan Institute of Moscow, IND Architects, Knight Frank
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    Master Plan of the first belt of the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk agglomeration. Factor 5 – Infrastructure
    Copyright: © Genplan Institute of Moscow, IND Architects, Knight Frank


After calculating several options, the Institute chose the “Energy and Economic Center of the Far East and APR” scenario for Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk and identified 12 points of growth. The well-balanced placement of these 12 clusters will provide a qualitative leap in the development of the entire Sakhalin Oblast, creating high-paying jobs, as well as a comfortable urban environment and housing. It is expected that the implementation of the solutions laid down in the master plan will increase annual GRP growth to 5.4% per year by 2030 and to 6.2% in the long term.

Master Plan of the first belt of the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk agglomeration. A Space of New Opportunities in a Region with Advanced Technology
Copyright: © Genplan Institute of Moscow, IND Architects, Knight Frank


From South to North

When talking about the development of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, one cannot ignore its critically important feature – the linear layout conditioned by its relief: the city is located in a valley and is flanked on both sides by mountain ranges that restrain extensive development. Since expansion is only possible in two directions – northward and southward – in past historical periods industrial and agricultural lands have grown around the urbanized urban core; this way, a chain of poorly connected spaces has been formed.

The Institute proposes to meet this challenge by developing public transport and alternating residential areas and large economic clusters within 15 minutes of each other. For this purpose, new areas are involved in the development, and the old ones are functionally saturated. The elaboration of heat maps and big data from the general plan made it possible to determine the points that need to be added to these or those facilities.

Master Plan of the first belt of the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk agglomeration. Specialization of strategic and secondary projects of the agglomeration
Copyright: © Genplan Institute of Moscow, IND Architects, Knight Frank


Master Plan of the first belt of the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk agglomeration. Variant of the concept #2. Brief description
Copyright: © Genplan Institute of Moscow, IND Architects, Knight Frank


Transportation

Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, like the rest of the island, is one of the leaders in motorization, but the authors of the master plan rely on the development of public transportation. The existing railroad line is planned to be modernized and equipped with new stations. The north-south connection will be strengthened by the subway line (Bus Rapid Transit), as well as by the branching of transverse links in the framework of the street and road network. Polycentricity, a large number of stops, convenient interchange hubs and bicycle infrastructure in the complex will allow to implement the ideology of a “15-minute city” – that is how long it takes to get to any point from any other point.

To make the agglomeration’s system of logistics routes still more efficient, it is necessary to build the western and eastern bypass highways. They will make it possible to move cargo flows outside the old and new centers of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk.

The axis for the new clusters is now the railroad line that runs through the entire city and connects it to the airport, Korsakovo, and the sea port.

The Power of Twelve

The main result of the master plan are investment passports for 12 development clusters: almost all of them involve new construction. The four key areas are logistics, oil refining, agricultural self-sufficiency, and recreation. In addition, it is planned that the island will develop its own construction complex, which will make the island less dependent on the mainland and accelerate the implementation of various projects.

Below, we will share about each of the clusters in more detail.

Master Plan of the first belt of the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk agglomeration. Variant of the concept #2. Scenario of the agglomeration, transport
Copyright: © Genplan Institute of Moscow, IND Architects, Knight Frank


The New City Center 

The territories adjacent to the current center of the city will be cleared from inefficient industries, which will pave the way for the city’s growth. The architects make a clear analogy: “The renovation project pulls the cork out of the bottle and allows the urban center to grow further, merging with the residential areas on the periphery”. 

The new belt of the city center consists of neighborhoods associated with Chinese, Korean, and Japanese culture. Its function is mixed: offices, recreation, trade, culture, entertainment, and technology parks are interspersed with housing. This model, as the architects explain, is popular for the master plans of Far Eastern cities and is attractive to investors as well. It gives the residents an opportunity to use services that are not available on our market.

Master Plan of the first belt of the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk agglomeration. Key projects – answers to development challenges
Copyright: © Genplan Institute of Moscow, IND Architects, Knight Frank


The logistics center is located in optimal proximity to the railroad, the aerocity, and the bypass road. The relocation of industrial sites to the periphery, where the accompanying logistics infrastructure is growing, will relieve the “middle” part of the city of trucks.

Master plan of the first belt of the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk agglomeration. Project passport – Northern Industrial Zone
Copyright: © Genplan Institute of Moscow, IND Architects, Knight Frank


The already-existing mountain resort “Gorny Vozdukh” (“Mountain Air”) is located closer to the city center and is already an important public space – it will be expanded and developed further.

Master Plan of the first belt of the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk agglomeration. ILC Project Passport
Copyright: © Genplan Institute of Moscow, IND Architects, Knight Frank


North of the Center

The oil and gas industrial park is focused on increasing the self-sufficiency of the oil industry in the region, which in turn will increase its efficiency.

Master Plan of the first belt of the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk agglomeration. Project Passport – Gorny Vozdukh mountain resort
Copyright: © Genplan Institute of Moscow, IND Architects, Knight Frank

 
The Northern Valley residential area is formed around new economic clusters, so that people live near their jobs and do not waste time and resources on commuting. We have already told you about one of the projects of this cluster, the Uyun Park complex.

Master plan of the first belt of the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk agglomeration. Project passport – Technopark
Copyright: © Genplan Institute of Moscow, IND Architects, Knight Frank

 
The agricultural park will divide the “Northern Valley” into two parts. The cluster is designed to increase the food security of the region and provide the population with fresh, inexpensive products, many of which are now brought in from the mainland, which increases their cost manifold. The agropark will become a point of distribution of products produced on the island, and a shopping center with an agricultural bias.

Master plan of the first belt of the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk agglomeration. Project passport – Northern Valley
Copyright: © Genplan Institute of Moscow, IND Architects, Knight Frank


South of the Center

The reconstruction of the Khomutovo airport and the creation of the Aerocity cluster with a logistics site and public facilities should contribute to greater accessibility to the island.

Master plan of the first belt of the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk agglomeration. Project passport – Agricultural Park
Copyright: © Genplan Institute of Moscow, IND Architects, Knight Frank

 
The Yuzhnaya Dolina cluster involves low- and mid-rise development typical of the suburban lifestyle. The environment is saturated with necessary infrastructure and public facilities, which include an educational campus.

Master plan of the first belt of the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk agglomeration. Project passport – Aerocity
Copyright: © Genplan Institute of Moscow, IND Architects, Knight Frank

 
The tourist and recreational complex is located three kilometers away from the southern boundary of the city and includes both recreational areas and residential development. The anchor facility here is a golf club.

Master plan of the first belt of the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk agglomeration. Project passport – South Valley
Copyright: © Genplan Institute of Moscow, IND Architects, Knight Frank


An industrial construction park is located near the Salmon Bay, including a timber processing complex for the production of lumber and CLT plates, as well as a modular house-building plant. It will optimize the production chain of construction on the island.

Мастер-план первого пояса Южно-Сахалинской агломерации. Паспорт проекта – ТРК
Copyright: © Genplan Institute of Moscow, IND Architects, Knight Frank

 
A large recreational area with an amusement park will appear on the embankments of Aniva Bay. The system of quays will be used to launch a cruise route between tourist attractions – Busse Lagoon, which was recently included in the top ten tourist and recreational complexes in the ASI contest, and Moneron Island, which is famous for its diving conditions.

Master plan of the first belt of the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk agglomeration. Project passport – Industrial Park
Copyright: © Genplan Institute of Moscow, IND Architects, Knight Frank


Korsakov

The master plan provides for the gradual merging of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk and Korsakov, the two largest cities on the island. After dredging, the port of Korsakov will become the “southern gateway” to the Northern Sea Route, and the agglomeration will become a global logistics hub, as the railroad will eventually extend to the mainland. The master plan also includes the construction of a fish processing plant, a refrigerating plant, an increase in the production of small ships and the turnover of a new container terminal.
 
The city will expand through the “Ecopolis” district, which will include scientific and educational centers.

Master plan of the first belt of the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk agglomeration. Project passport – Recreational area
Copyright: © Genplan Institute of Moscow, IND Architects, Knight Frank

 
***

The plan of complex development of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk agglomeration was approved for the period till 2030. Among the priorities are the reconstruction of the port of Korsakov, the modernization of the airport, the construction of roads, and the creation of an innovative educational complex.
Master plan of the first belt of the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk agglomeration. Project passport – Korsakov
Copyright: © Genplan Institute of Moscow, IND Architects, Knight Frank


03 July 2023

Headlines now
The Golden Crown
The concept for a dental clinic in Yekaterinburg, developed by CNTR Studio, revolves around the idea of a “mouth full of gold”: pristine white porcelain stoneware walls are complemented by matte brass details. To avoid an overly literal interpretation, the architects focused on the building’s proportions, skillfully navigating between sunlight requirements and fire safety regulations.
Flexibility and Integration
Not long ago, we covered the project for the fourth phase of the ÁLIA residential complex, designed by APEX. Now, we’ve been shown different fence concepts they developed to enclose the complex’s private courtyards, incorporating a variety of public functions. We believe that the sheer fact that the complex’s architects were involved in such a detail as fencing speaks volumes.
A Step Forward
The HIDE residential complex represents a major milestone for ADM architects and their leaders Andrey Romanov and Ekaterina Kuznetsova in their quest for a fresh high-rise aesthetic – one that is flexible and layered, capable of bringing vibrancy to mass and silhouette while shaping form. Over recent years, this approach has become ADM’s “signature style”, with the golden HIDE tower playing a pivotal role in its evolution. Here, we delve into the project’s story, explore the details of the complex’s design, and uncover its core essence.
Gold in the Sands
A new office for a transcontinental company specializing in resource extraction and processing has opened in Dubai. Designed by T+T Architects, masters of creating spaces that are contemporary, diverse, flexible, and original, this project exemplifies their expertise. On the executive floor, a massive brass-clad partition dominates, while layered textures of compressed earth create a contextually resonant backdrop.
Layers and Levels of Flight
This project goes way back – Reserve Union won this architectural competition at the end of 2011, and the building was completed in 2018, so it’s practically “archival”. However, despite being relatively unknown, the building can hardly be considered “dated” and remains a prime example of architectural expression, particularly in the headquarters genre. And it’s especially fitting for an aviation company office. In some ways, it resembles the Aeroflot headquarters at Sheremetyevo but with its own unique identity, following the signature style of Vladimir Plotkin. In this article, we take an in-depth look at the United Aircraft Corporation (UAC) headquarters in the Moscow agglomeration town of Zhukovsky, supplemented by recent photographs from Alexey Naroditsky – a shoot that became only recently possible due to the fact that improvements were finally made in the surrounding area.
Light and Shadow
In this article, we delve into the architectural design of the “Chaika” house by DNK ag architects, which was recently completed in 2023 as part of the collection of signature designs at ZILArt. As is well-known, all the buildings in this complex follow a design code, yet each one is distinct. This particular building stands out not only for its whiteness and minimalism but also for the refined use of a limited number of techniques that, together, create what can confidently be called synergy.
Casus Novae
A master plan was developed for a large residential area with a name of “DNS City”, but now that its implementation began, the plan has been arbitrarily reformatted and replaced with something that, while similar on the surface, is actually quite different. This is not the first time such a thing happens, but it’s always frustrating. With permission from the author, we are sharing Maria Elkina’s post.
Treasure Hunting
The GAFA bureau, in collaboration with Tegola and Arkhitail, organized an expedition to the island of Kilpola in Karelia as part of Moskomarkhitektura’s “Open City” festival. There, amidst moss and rocks, the students sought answers to questions like: what is the sacred, where does it dwell, and what sustains it? Assisting the participants in this quest were landscape engineer Evgeny Levin, artist Nicholas Roerich, a moose, and the lack of cellular connection. Here’s how the story unfolded.
Depths of the Earth, Streams of Water
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Fir Tree Dynamics
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​A Brick Shell
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Word Forms
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Flexibility and Acuteness of Modernity
Luxurious, fluid, large “kokoshniks” and spiral barrel columns, as if made from colorful chewing gum: there seem to be no other mansion like this in Moscow, designed in the “Neo-Russian-Modern” style. And the “Teremok” on Malaya Kaluzhskaya, previously somewhat obscure, has “come alive with new colors” and gained visibility after its restoration for the office of the “architectural ecosystem” as the architects love to call themselves. It’s evident that Julius Borisov and the architects at UNK put their hearts into finding this new office and bringing it up to date. Let’s delve into the paradoxes of this mansion’s history and its plasticity. Spoiler: two versions of modernity meet here, both balancing on the razor’s edge of “what’s current”.
Yuri Vissarionov: “A modular house does not belong to the land”
It belongs to space, or to the air... It turns out that 3D printing is more effective when combined with a modular approach: the house is built in a workshop and then adapted to the site, including on uneven terrain. Yuri Vissarionov shares his latest experience in designing tourist complexes, both in central Russia and in the south. These include houseboats, homes printed from lightweight concrete using a 3D printer, and, of course, frame houses.
​Moscow’s First
“The quality of education largely depends on the quality of the educational environment”. This principle of the last decade has been realized by Sergey Skuratov in the project for the First Moscow Gymnasium on Rostovskaya Embankment in the Khamovniki district. The building seamlessly integrates into the complex urban landscape, responding both to the pedestrian flow of the city and the quiet alleyways. It skillfully takes advantage of the height differences and aligns with modern trends in educational space design. Let’s take a closer look.
Looking at the Water
The site of Villa Sonata stretches from the road to the water’s edge, offering its own shoreline, pier, and a picturesque river panorama. To reveal these sweeping views, Roman Leonidov “cut” the façade diagonally parallel to the river, thus getting two main axes for the house and, consequently, “two heads”. The internal core – two double-height spaces, a living room and a conservatory, with a “bridge” above them – makes the house both “transparent” and filled with light.
The White Wing
Well, it’s not exactly white. It’s more of a beige, white-stone structure that plays with the color of limestone – smoother surfaces are lighter, while rougher ones are darker. This wing unites various elements: it absorbs and interprets the surrounding themes. It responds to everything, yet maintains a cohesive expression – a challenging task! – while also incorporating recognizable features of its own, such as the dynamic cuts at the bottom, top, and middle.
Urban Dunes
The XSA Ramps team designed and built a three-part sports hub for a park in Rostov-on-Don, welcoming people of all ages and fitness levels. The skate plaza, pump track, and playground are all meticulously crafted with details that attract a diverse range of visitors. The technical execution of the shapes and slopes transforms this space into a kind of sculptural composition.
Proportional Growth
The project for the fourth phase of the ÁLIA residential area has been announced. The buildings are situated on an elongated plot – almost a “ray” that shoots out from the center of the area towards the river. Their layout reflects both a response to Moscow’s architectural preferences over the past 15 years, shifting “from blocks to towers”, and an interpretation of the neighboring business park designed by SOM. Additionally, the best apartments here are not located at the very top but closer to the middle, forming a glowing “waistline”.
The “Staircase” Building
In designing the “Details” residential complex in New Moscow, Rais Baishev spiced up the now-popular Moscow theme of a “courtyard” building with an idea drawn from the surrealist drawings by Maurits Escher. He envisioned the stepped silhouettes and descending slopes as a metaphysical mega-staircase, creating a key void within the courtyard that gave the project an internal “spine”. This concept is felt both in the building’s silhouette and on its façades.
Projection of the Quarter
No one doubted that the building that Vladimir Plotkin designed as part of the “Garden Quarters” would be the most modernist of all. And it turned out just that way: while adhering to the common design code, the building successfully combines brick and white stone, rhythmically responding to the neighboring building designed by Ostozhenka, yet tactfully and persistently making a few statements of its own. This includes the projection of the ideal urban development composition “14–9–6”, which can be found right next door, mathematical calculations, including those for various types of terraces (and perhaps the only reminder of the Soviet past of the Kauchuk rubber factory!), and the white “cross-stitch” pattern of the façade grid.
Domus Aurea
In this issue, we examine the “Tessinsky-1” house, designed by Sergey Skuratov and completed in 2023. Located in the middle of the Serebryanicheskaya Embankment district, at the intersection of its main streets, this house assumes a sort of “nodal” role: it not only responds to everything around it and preserves many memories of the former EMA factory within itself, but it weaves all this into a newly directed pattern, reconciling bright “gold” and dark-colored brick, largely with the help of the new, modern-yet-archaic Columba brick, which, come to think about it, is the most precious element here.
The Chimney of Nikola-Lenivets
In this issue, we are examining the “Obelisk House” designed by KATARSIS and built for the Arkhstoyanie 2023 festival. However, it was only finished later on, and this is why we are examining it now. It seems to us that after the “Obelisk House” appeared in Nikola-Lenivets, a dialogue and a few inner connections appeared between the temporary structures built here. These houses no longer look like “accidental neighbors”, more of which below.
​Periscope by the Bay
The jury awarded the second place in the competition for a public and cultural center in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky to the companies GORA (“Mountain”) and M4. In the consortium’s proposal, the building resembles a sperm whale with a calf swimming next to it or a periscope, whose lenses capture the most spectacular views from the surrounding landscape.
From Arcs to Dolmens
While working on the competition project for Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, ASADOV Architects prioritized the value of the natural and urban environment, aiming to preserve the balance of the location while minimizing the resemblance of the volume that they designed to a “traditional building”. The task was challenging, and the architects created three versions, one of which having been developed after the competition, where their main proposal took third place. However, the point of interest here is not the competition result but the continuity of creative thinking.
Hide and Seek
The ID Moskovskiy house, designed by Stepan Liphart in St. Petersburg, in the courtyards near Moskovskiy Avenue beyond the Obvodny Canal and recently completed, is notable for several reasons. Firstly, it has been realized with considerable accuracy, which is particularly significant as this is the first building where the architect was responsible not only for the facades but also for the layouts, allowing for better integration between the two. On the other hand, this building is interesting as an example of the “germination” of new architecture in the city: it draws on the best examples from the neighborhood and becomes an improved and developed sum of ideas found by the architect in the surrounding context.
The Big Twelve
Yesterday, the winners of the Moscow Mayor’s Architecture Award were announced and honored. Let’s take a look at what was awarded and, in some cases, even critique this esteemed award. After all, there is always room for improvement, right?
Above the Golden Horn
The residential complex “Philosophy” designed by T+T architects in Vladivostok, is one of the new projects in the “Golubinaya Pad” area, changing its development philosophy (pun intended) from single houses to a comprehensive approach. The buildings are organized along public streets, varying in height and format, with one house even executed in gallery typology, featuring a cantilever leaning on an art object.
Nuanced Alternative
How can you rhyme a square and space? Easily! But to do so, you need to rhyme everything you can possibly think of: weave everything together, like in a tensegrity structure, and find your own optics too. The new exhibition at GES-2 does just that, offering its visitor a new perspective on the history of art spanning 150 years, infused with the hope for endless multiplicity of worlds and art histories. Read on to see how this is achieved and how the exhibition design by Evgeny Ace contributes to it.
Blinds for Ice
An ice arena has been constructed in Domodedovo based on a project by Yuri Vissarionov Architects. To prevent the long façade, a technical requirement for winter sports facilities, from appearing monotonous, the architects proposed the use of suspended structures with multidirectional slats. This design protects the ice from direct sunlight while giving the wall texture and detail.