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The City as a Narrative

Sergey Skuratov’s approach to large urban plots could best be described as a “total design code”. The architect pays equal attention to the overall composition and the smallest of details, striving to ensure that every aspect is thoroughly thought out and subordinated to the original vision. It’s a Renaissance-like approach, really – a titanic effort demanding remarkable willpower and perseverance. The results are likewise grand – architecture that makes a statement. This article looks at the revived concept for the central section of the Seventh Heaven residential district in Kazan, a composition so thoroughly considered that even the “gradient of visual emphasis” (sic!) across the facades has been carefully worked out. It also touches on the narrative idea behind the project – and even the architect’s own doubts about it.

22 July 2025
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Ten years ago, we wrote about the M-8 neighborhood in Kazan, a project developed by Sergey Skuratov Architects in 2015. After lying dormant for some time, the project has been brought back to life – and, as doesn’t always happen but certainly did here, it still feels relevant for both its place and its time.

Preliminary architectural concept for the M-8 block of the “Seventh Heaven” residential district in the Sovetsky District of Kazan
Copyright: © Sergey Skuratov ARCHITECTS


The new project is a continuation of the first one; we are still refining and adjusting it – the design keeps evolving, although now it’s more about detailing now. I believe that in the updated version, the color and material composition of the volumes and facades is more complex and nuanced than what we achieved in 2014.

In the new project, the client decided to abandon the original idea of using factory-made prefabricated panels. As a result, we gained more freedom to work through various subtle design elements. The ornamental quality as we knew it, intended for the factory molds of the white panels, was left behind. The school building changed its location and layout – and, fortunately, thanks to the well-grounded arguments we presented and, to a large extent, the support of Kazan's chief architect, Ilsiyar Tukhvatullina, for which we are deeply grateful – we succeeded in ensuring that the school would not be a standard design, but an individually developed one that now occupies its rightful place as an urban landmark.

The original material combination has been preserved: white stone and fiber-reinforced concrete, clinker brick and weathered steel – used in different proportions to emphasize the unique character of each part of the complex through contrast.

And, last but not least, the artificial river remains.


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    Preliminary architectural concept for the M-8 block of the “Seventh Heaven” residential district in the Sovetsky District of Kazan
    Copyright: © Sergey Skuratov ARCHITECTS
  • zooming
    Preliminary architectural concept for the M-8 block of the “Seventh Heaven” residential district in the Sovetsky District of Kazan
    Copyright: © Sergey Skuratov ARCHITECTS


A project of considerable scale – its future footprint covers 27.6 hectares, a full-sized “micro-district” – it forms part of a much larger urban development initiative in eastern Kazan: a residential complex that Ak Bars, one of the city’s leading developers, has been working on since 2007. The entire district covers 445 hectares, which by Russian building codes already qualifies as a “residential area”; officially, that is indeed its name: “Seventh Heaven” residential district. It borders Pobedy Avenue, which could be seen as Kazan’s equivalent of Moscow’s Third Ring Road – an arterial road separating the inner city from the outer districts.

Preliminary architectural concept for the M-8 block of the “Seventh Heaven” residential district in the Sovetsky District of Kazan
Copyright: © Sergey Skuratov ARCHITECTS


The Kremlin lies 5.5 km away as the crow flies; the beltway, 9 km. The center is relatively close, but still far enough to affect the overall typology of the housing here. Since 2007, Seventh Heaven has seen both prefabricated panel housing – some of it based on Soviet-era standardized designs – and author-designed buildings, including a few residential towers by the architecture firm OSA, as well as the 121-meter Azure Skies tower, currently the tallest building in Kazan. Still, there’s not a great deal of signature architecture here. The new housing is fairly tall and densely packed, with buildings ranging on average from 10 to 20 stories.

The western part is already largely built up, while the eastern part is currently undergoing active construction.

All development unfolds around a large “empty” patch that occupies nearly half of the complex’s total 445 hectares and is located right in the middle, between the eastern and western sections. Two-thirds of this area is a racetrack, whose sports function is planned to be preserved as the main “feature” of the district. The remaining third is the site of the old airfield.

Preliminary architectural concept for the M-8 block of the “Seventh Heaven” residential district in the Sovetsky District of Kazan
Copyright: © Sergey Skuratov ARCHITECTS


There is also a runway stretching from south to north, as well as the airport terminal building, whose imposing portico can be seen in one of the illustrations above. The “Stalin-era” airport building will be preserved; the rest of the former airfield territory is allocated for Sergey Skuratov’s project.

Why do I call this project relevant?

For example, because the main task set by the project is to introduce into this central zone – dominated by “borderline” residential development – a fundamentally different kind of urban fabric: one that is thoughtful and deliberate, with a refined spatial structure and potential points of attraction. To create a neighborhood where the streets are diverse and interspersed with public spaces. And one (this is important!) where people will actually want to come, to take a walk and “sit in a café”, moving from green spaces to stone plazas and back again. Essentially, the idea is to form a new urban center here, by Victory Avenue, between the racetrack and the residential development.

What’s the difference? After all, this area is also predominantly residential, with a large school and kindergartens inside the blocks, although two public centers are envisioned as well – one based around a shopping mall in the north, and the other in the podium of the towers to the south. There is also a small percentage of office space.

The difference, perhaps, lies in the degree of urban planning forethought.

The main spatial axis of district M-8 is a boulevard with an artificial river. It begins from a rectangular artificial pond located on the square in front of the shopping and community center, and then meanders gently southward, following the gentle terrain along the former airfield runway.

Preliminary architectural concept for the M-8 block of the “Seventh Heaven” residential district in the Sovetsky District of Kazan
Copyright: © Sergey Skuratov ARCHITECTS


If you look at the plan, you will see that the central boulevard is X-shaped – resembling an hourglass – as it widens at the top in front of the shopping mall and at the bottom before a cluster of residential towers, whose podium also houses a community center. A river runs through the boulevard, promising to become an appealing spatial attraction.

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    Preliminary architectural concept for the M-8 block of the “Seventh Heaven” residential district in the Sovetsky District of Kazan
    Copyright: © Sergey Skuratov ARCHITECTS
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    Preliminary architectural concept for the M-8 block of the “Seventh Heaven” residential district in the Sovetsky District of Kazan. organization of the public spaces
    Copyright: © Sergey Skuratov ARCHITECTS


The central boulevard is the main pedestrian axis and what urban planners call a “linear” public space or even a “linear urban center”. It connects two major public hubs in the north and south.

The idea is that people will stroll here, cross from bank to bank, admire the river’s curves, and sit along the waterfront or in the cafés.

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    Preliminary architectural concept for the M-8 block of the “Seventh Heaven” residential district in the Sovetsky District of Kazan
    Copyright: © Sergey Skuratov ARCHITECTS
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    Preliminary architectural concept for the M-8 block of the “Seventh Heaven” residential district in the Sovetsky District of Kazan
    Copyright: © Sergey Skuratov ARCHITECTS


In contrast to the flowing line of the river, the development on both sides of the main boulevard adopts a consistent orthogonal grid. Then, along the river’s western bank, a straight pedestrian street runs directly between the two public hubs, north and south. Near the school, a larger footbridge spans the river – it resembles a curved metal plate, like a spring leaf – along with several smaller pedestrian bridges.

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    Preliminary architectural concept for the M-8 block of the “Seventh Heaven” residential district in the Sovetsky District of Kazan
    Copyright: © Sergey Skuratov ARCHITECTS
  • zooming
    Preliminary architectural concept for the M-8 block of the “Seventh Heaven” residential district in the Sovetsky District of Kazan
    Copyright: © Sergey Skuratov ARCHITECTS


The north-south streets between the blocks are designed for limited car traffic, with priority given to bicycles and pedestrians. Their intersections form plazas with raised paving, and the architects interpret these routes as key paths, necessary, among other things, for connecting the various public “attraction points”.

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    Preliminary architectural concept for the M-8 block of the “Seventh Heaven” residential district in the Sovetsky District of Kazan
    Copyright: © Sergey Skuratov ARCHITECTS
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    Preliminary architectural concept for the M-8 block of the “Seventh Heaven” residential district in the Sovetsky District of Kazan. The transparency of the territory. Crosswise ties
    Copyright: © Sergey Skuratov ARCHITECTS


The traversal streets are smaller, and all lead toward the “linear center”.

The housing typology is mixed. While earlier phases of the Seventh Heaven development shifted styles with each historical period – from prefabricated slabs (often rotated), to towers, and later 18-story superblocks – Skuratov combines all these formats, arranging them into a layout reminiscent of the “saucer” shape common in Russian cities. In the center along the river, the buildings are mid-rise, about 7-8 stories high, while the edges feature 16-story slabs along the racetrack and 21-story towers in the southern part – taller buildings are not permitted here due to height restrictions.

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    Preliminary architectural concept for the M-8 block of the “Seventh Heaven” residential district in the Sovetsky District of Kazan
    Copyright: © Sergey Skuratov ARCHITECTS
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    Preliminary architectural concept for the M-8 block of the “Seventh Heaven” residential district in the Sovetsky District of Kazan
    Copyright: © Sergey Skuratov ARCHITECTS


This approach allows the creation of variety through simple techniques and elements – subtle rather than poster-like distinctions. Triangular towers with rounded corners? Yes, but they’re positioned at different angles to one another, offering shifting perspectives.

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    Preliminary architectural concept for the M-8 block of the “Seventh Heaven” residential district in the Sovetsky District of Kazan
    Copyright: © Sergey Skuratov ARCHITECTS
  • zooming
    Preliminary architectural concept for the M-8 block of the “Seventh Heaven” residential district in the Sovetsky District of Kazan
    Copyright: © Sergey Skuratov ARCHITECTS


City blocks? Yes, but they vary in height, with plinths that house parking, courtyards on their rooftops, street-level retail, well-thought-out ventilation, and framed views. They resemble a kind of linear composition. There are no volumes turned at awkward angles that would create shaded, unfit spaces for residential layouts.

Much here is calculated in detail, starting from the urban design concept – down to the minutiae of functional courtyard layouts.



But what strikes me most is that, in addition to the urban design “puzzle”, the architects also carefully considered views and sightlines of the buildings themselves, arranging them in a hierarchy of prominent and background structures. The logic is gradient-based: there are diagrams showing buildings classified as “unique”, “uncommon”, or “common”, and the facades as “expressive”, “moderate”, “or neutral” – plus a special category for “accented northern facades”.

The placement of accents depends on how many vantage points a building is visible from. If it’s seen from four or five spots – it’s unique; from two or three – it’s uncommon; from fewer – it’s common.

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    Preliminary architectural concept for the M-8 block of the “Seventh Heaven” residential district in the Sovetsky District of Kazan
    Copyright: © Sergey Skuratov ARCHITECTS
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    Preliminary architectural concept for the M-8 block of the “Seventh Heaven” residential district in the Sovetsky District of Kazan. Façade plastique
    Copyright: © Sergey Skuratov ARCHITECTS


By limiting themselves in this way for the sake of a cohesive overall impression, Sergey Skuratov’s team proposed a restrained, precisely tuned modernist mix – based on nuanced façade variations as well as contrast: between materials (brick and white stone) and forms – sharp angles and curves, wide window recesses with soft corners and arches. These arches vary from tight curves in the residential towers and kindergartens to sweeping arcs in the slab buildings or the school façade facing the amphitheater square.

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    Preliminary architectural concept for the M-8 block of the “Seventh Heaven” residential district in the Sovetsky District of Kazan
    Copyright: © Sergey Skuratov ARCHITECTS
  • zooming
    Preliminary architectural concept for the M-8 block of the “Seventh Heaven” residential district in the Sovetsky District of Kazan
    Copyright: © Sergey Skuratov ARCHITECTS


The school building, incidentally, is one of the most minimalist elements here – spread horizontally with a spacious courtyard that gives it a British-college feel, a simple thin vertical grille on the facades, and giant wide arches. It looks like a bold yet straightforward statement, daringly painted in broad strokes.

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    Preliminary architectural concept for the M-8 block of the “Seventh Heaven” residential district in the Sovetsky District of Kazan
    Copyright: © Sergey Skuratov ARCHITECTS
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    Preliminary architectural concept for the M-8 block of the “Seventh Heaven” residential district in the Sovetsky District of Kazan
    Copyright: © Sergey Skuratov ARCHITECTS


Definitely better than a standard building – one such standard structure has already been built in the panel part of “Seventh Heaven”, closer to the southern end of the racetrack.

More than just the differences in the facades, what’s really intriguing here is the variety of spaces envisioned: for example, a large, brutally straightforward amphitheater carved into the sloped roof of a shopping center.

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    Preliminary architectural concept for the M-8 block of the “Seventh Heaven” residential district in the Sovetsky District of Kazan
    Copyright: © Sergey Skuratov ARCHITECTS
  • zooming
    Preliminary architectural concept for the M-8 block of the “Seventh Heaven” residential district in the Sovetsky District of Kazan
    Copyright: © Sergey Skuratov ARCHITECTS


Straight streets and a meandering river. Open plazas and a boulevard that “dives” into the podium between the towers. There’s a certain almost mathematical approach to planning these creative decisions. It’s no coincidence that at Sergey Skuratov Architects, gradient brick facades in varied tones are invariably sketched by hand to avoid any risk of repetitive patterns. Here we see that same careful consistency – but on the scale of urban planning.



It must be said that this project fits organically into the series of urban design solutions that have filled Sergey Skuratov’s portfolio since shortly after his company was founded, certainly by 2005. In one large-scale project, the architects at SSA orchestrate spaces and forms of different degrees of accessibility, quiet and activity, plastique and emotional tone – and they do so with increasing precision, taking into account many factors and refining how the various design elements interconnect. One could recall Minsk, Samara, or Moscow’s North River Terminal – a lot of variety. Or the 2006 proposal for the territory of the “Krasny Proletary” factory, near the Donskoy Monastery. But the most relevant precedent, in my view, is the story of the Garden Quarters in Moscow. Not only because that project was eventually implemented – and has become quite well known – but also because back in 2006, the competition proposal for the “Kauchuk” factory site already featured an artificial river, not a pond. Alongside it, the architect grouped smaller, more high-class buildings. It seems like the architect hasn’t let go of that original idea – he believes in its potential, and strives to realize it again and again. There’s a sense of persistence and conviction here, and that, I think, is what gives the project its relevance. Not the trendy, fleeting kind of relevance – but a deeper, more enduring kind. One rooted in a principle that may feel a bit utopian, especially in our context of a society still going through the early stages of capital accumulation, with all its quirks – but a principle that is fundamentally sound: the belief that the architect must shape the project as a whole, thinking through everything from the big-picture composition down to the tiniest details.

What we have here eventually is a comprehensive work – or, should I say, an instance of architectural and urban-planning gesamtkunstwerk. Or, one could say, an example of “total town planning” applied to a specific site. A fragment of the city that doesn’t emerge chaotically, shaped by circumstance, but is instead designed from start to finish. Sergey Skuratov is perhaps the brightest representative of this approach today: he possesses the necessary – and very, very high – degree of perfectionism, dedication, and persistence. Not everyone is ready to appreciate these qualities in an architect-demiurge, and that’s a pity. Because it is precisely these qualities that allow one to treat the city as a work of art, to introduce, in place of chaos, a degree of thoughtful structure and a human – no, not “human factor”, but ratio – the kind of reasoning seen in the finest examples of man-made environments.

In a word, it will be interesting to see what comes of this project.

One more noteworthy detail: many people know that throughout his 25 years of independent practice, Sergey Skuratov has shown a marked inclination for creating bold contrasts using the textures of natural materials. Most notably, the combination of brick and white stone.

In the project for Kazan’s “Seventh Heaven”, this contrast – present since the 2015 version – was given thematic meaning: the brick river bank was “European” (back when the entire residential complex was still called “European Embankment”), while the white-stone bank was “Eastern”. The brick side is “tall”, even though the site itself is completely flat, while the white-stone or “Eastern” side is sloping.

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    Preliminary architectural concept for the M-8 block of the “Seventh Heaven” residential district in the Sovetsky District of Kazan
    Copyright: © Sergey Skuratov ARCHITECTS
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    Preliminary architectural concept for the M-8 block of the “Seventh Heaven” residential district in the Sovetsky District of Kazan. The concept of two river banks
    Copyright: © Sergey Skuratov ARCHITECTS


It’s a beautiful metaphor – one immediately starts hearing that song by Vladimir Vysotsky, performed by Marina Vlady: “...the steep shores, the gentle shores...” A beautiful, deeply romantic song that seems to embed its own “literature” into the project.

“Whether or not you can actually do something like that, is another question” – remarks Sergey Skuratov with a twist of self-critical skepticism as he discusses one of his favorite and carefully cultivated design ideas in the project: from the contrast in paving underfoot on either side of the river, to the façade mix, where the brick and white surfaces are grouped closer to their respective river banks, and then are gradually blended, dissolving the contrast.

His doubts are understandable: such “literariness” – even when distilled from context, in this case that of the Volga River that separates East from West – often ends up as a redundant layer of meaning added “on top” of what’s necessary, a symbolic excess. Is it really appropriate here? I don’t know. But I can say with confidence: this kind of approach is extremely, even wildly popular nowadays. The authors of nearly any master plan – or even individual buildings – are all, without exception, in search of a “local identity”. In that sense, this project is absolutely “riding the wave”. Back in 2015, the idea was more of an intuition – and now it’s a prime example. It’s worth saying that one of the undeniably positive aspects of “architectural literature” is that future residents will have something to tell their guests about, a sort of hook, something that clearly distinguishes their neighborhood from others, at least on a “theoretical” level.

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    Preliminary architectural concept for the M-8 block of the “Seventh Heaven” residential district in the Sovetsky District of Kazan
    Copyright: © Sergey Skuratov ARCHITECTS
  • zooming
    Preliminary architectural concept for the M-8 block of the “Seventh Heaven” residential district in the Sovetsky District of Kazan
    Copyright: © Sergey Skuratov ARCHITECTS


And again, the architect’s doubts make perfect sense. Isn’t this opposition of East and West too simplistic? Too “poster-like”?

Maybe that’s what inspired the “swap”: the “western” brick shore here is on the east side, while the “eastern” white-stone shore is on the west. And yet, the white-stone side is closer to the city center, to the white – well, painted brick – Kazan Kremlin. And the river’s “high bank” corresponds to Kazan’s topography: it’s on the elevated left bank that the city was built. This is yet another swap – this one complicates the metaphor, underlining its scenographic, supplemental, and non-essential nature. Plus, the way red and white houses are interspersed on both banks again kind of prompts us not to take the idea too literally.

But the song that I mentioned – gosh, it still keeps ringing in my head.

22 July 2025

Headlines now
The City as a Narrative
Sergey Skuratov’s approach to large urban plots could best be described as a “total design code”. The architect pays equal attention to the overall composition and the smallest of details, striving to ensure that every aspect is thoroughly thought out and subordinated to the original vision. It’s a Renaissance-like approach, really – a titanic effort demanding remarkable willpower and perseverance. The results are likewise grand – architecture that makes a statement. This article looks at the revived concept for the central section of the Seventh Heaven residential district in Kazan, a composition so thoroughly considered that even the “gradient of visual emphasis” (sic!) across the facades has been carefully worked out. It also touches on the narrative idea behind the project – and even the architect’s own doubts about it.
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A clever and concise sculptural solution – rotating each floor by N degrees – has created an ensemble of “dancing” towers: similar yet different, simple yet complex. The designers meticulously refined a single structural node and spent considerable effort on the column construction – after that, “everything else was easy”. The architects also rotated the core walls on each floor to maximize the efficiency of the office spaces.
The Sculpting of Spring Forest Matter
We’ve been observing this building for a couple of years now: seemingly simple, perhaps even unassuming, it fits in remarkably well with the micro-district context shaped by the Moscow MCD road junctions. This building sticks in the memory of everyone who drives along the highway, even occasionally. In our opinion, Sergey Nikeshkin, by blending popular architectural techniques and approaches of the 2010s, managed to turn a seemingly simple structure into a statement “on the theme of a house as such”. Let’s figure out how this happened.
Water and Wind Whet the Stone
The Arisha Terraces residential complex, designed by Asadov Architects, will be built in a district of Dubai dedicated to film and television production. To create shaded spaces and an intriguing silhouette, the architects opted for a funnel-shaped composition and nature-inspired forms of erosion and weathering. The roofs, podium, and underground spaces extend leisure opportunities within the boundaries of a man-made “oasis”.
Elevation 5642
The Genplan Institute of Moscow has developed a comprehensive development project for three ski resorts in the Caucasus, which have been designated as special economic zones of the tourism and recreation type. The first of these zones is Elbrus. The project includes the construction of new ski runs, cable cars, and hotels, as well as the modernization of stations and improvements to the Azau tourist meadow. To expand the audience and enhance year-round appeal, a network of eco-trails is also being developed. In this article, we provide a detailed breakdown of each stage.
The IT Town
Taking the example of the first completed phase of the “U” district, we examine how the new neighborhood in Innopolis will be organized. T+T Architects and HADAA formed a well-balanced and ingenious master plan with different types of housing, a green artery, a system of squares, and a park in the town’s central part.
The Heart Lies Within
The second-phase building of the Evgeny Primakov School already won multiple awards while still in the design stage. Now that it’s completed, some unfinished nuances remain – most notably, the exposed ceiling structures, which ideally should have been concealed. However, given the priority placed on the building’s volumetric composition, this does not seem critical. What matters more is the “Wow!” effect created by the space itself.
Magnetic Forces
“Krylatskaya 33” is the first large-scale residential complex to appear amidst the 1980s “micro-districts” that harmoniously coexist with the forests, the river, the slopes, and the sports infrastructure. Despite its imposing scale, the architects of Ostozhenka managed to turn the complex into something that can be best described as a “graceful dominant”. First, they designed the complex with consideration for the style and height of the surrounding micro-districts. Second, by introducing a pause in its tallest section, they created compositional tension – right along the urban planning axis of the area.
Orion’s Belt
The Stone Khodynka 2 office complex, designed by Kleinewelt Architekten for the company Stone, is built with an ergonomic layout following “healthy building” principles: natural light, ventilation, and all the necessary features for an efficient office environment. On the outside, it resembles – like many contemporary buildings – an iPhone: sleek, glowing, glass-and-metal, edges elegantly rounded. Yet, it responds sensitively to the Khodynka context, where the main theme is the contrast between vertical and horizontal lines. The key intrigue lies in the design of the “stylobate” as a suspended passage, leaving the space beneath it open for free pedestrian movement.
Grigory Revzin: “It Was a Bold Statement Made on the Sly. Something Won”
In this article, we discuss the debates surrounding the circus competition and the demolition of the CMEA building with the most renowned architectural critic of our time. A paradox emerges in the process: while nostalgia for the Brezhnev era seems to be in vogue in Russia, a landmark building – the “axis” of the Warsaw Pact – has been sentenced to demolition. Isn’t that strange? We also find out that wow-architecture has made a comeback as a post-COVID trend. However, to make a truly powerful statement, professionals still remain indispensable.