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​Dialectical Manifesto

The high-rise housing complex MOD, whose construction has begun in Moscow’s district of Maryina Roshcha next to the site, on which the new Russian Railways headquarters will be built, is responding to the “central” context of the future city surroundings, and at the same time is positioned by the architects as a “manifesto of Modernist minimalist principles in architecture”.

06 September 2021
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The place for constructing the new premium-class housing complex MOD, designed for MR Group by Kleinewelt Architekten, is far from simple but very promising. 400 meters west from it, a new exit from “Maryina Roshcha” metro station belonging to the Moscow Big Circle is being constructed, 300 meters north – yet another exit belonging to the Moscow Central Diameter. A large-scale transport hub is expected to appear here. In short, this place has potential.

The MOD residential complex is being built on the grounds of the former industrial estate with an area of about 2.4 hectares. The land site stretches in the most convenient direction of “south-north” – which yields a maximum number of west and east facades, not too overshadowed and not too hot. Before the beginning of the construction, the land site hosted two elongated volumes parallel to each other – the new complex is inheriting that configuration: the residential towers, two 200 meters tall, one 165, and buildings of a smaller height stand in two parallel lines and alternate in a near-chessboard order.

The final diagram of the entire complex. MOD housing complex. The conceptual diagrams.
Copyright: © Kleinewelt Architekten


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    Building D. MOD housing complex. The project
    Copyright: © Kleinewelt Architekten
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    Building D. MOD housing complex. The project
    Copyright: © Kleinewelt Architekten
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    Building D. MOD housing complex. The project
    Copyright: © Kleinewelt Architekten
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    MOD housing complex. The project
    Copyright: © Kleinewelt Architekten
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    MOD housing complex. The project
    Copyright: © Kleinewelt Architekten
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    MOD housing complex. The project
    Copyright: © Kleinewelt Architekten
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    Building C. MOD housing complex. The project
    Copyright: © Kleinewelt Architekten
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    Building M. MOD housing complex. The project
    Copyright: © Kleinewelt Architekten
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    Buildin M. MOD housing complex. The project
    Copyright: © Kleinewelt Architekten
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    MOD housing complex. The project
    Copyright: © Kleinewelt Architekten


Interestingly, the “lines” are treated differently, proceeding from the architects’ understanding of the specifics of the context – not today’s one, but the one that will be formed after the construction of the Russian Railways headquarters will be completed in the place of the former loading bay. According to Nikken Sekkei’s plan, the headquarters building must be strung upon an inner covered roof, creating a new center for business and other activities. This way, the future east side, turned to the headquarters, will be more of the “city” kind typology-wise.

Accordingly, the authors of the project gave this part more of a city character. One tower and two 9-story houses 38.3 meters high each spring from an elongated two-story stylobate 9 meters high with cafes and shops in it. Its facades are designed as an austere pylonnade; there is a pedestrian gallery stretching along the shop windows from the headquarters side. In the north part, the stylobate makes a break: here, further away from the center of the headquarters, a square public plaza appears, open eastward, and stopped by a transversal 2-story volume, which looks like a fragment of the stylobate set aside, at the other end of the site.

MOD housing complex. The project
Copyright: © Kleinewelt Architekten


The plaza is situated on the territory of the housing complex, but it is open for everyone, and is meant, just as the “Rivoli Street” of shops and cafes in the stylobate, contribute to integrating the complex into the future city life.

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    The functional zoning flowchart. MOD housing complex. The conceptual diagrams
    Copyright: © Kleinewelt Architekten
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    MOD housing complex. The project
    Copyright: © Kleinewelt Architekten
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    A simplified master plan. MOD housing complex. The project
    Copyright: © Kleinewelt Architekten
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    The master plan. MOD housing complex. The project
    Copyright: © Kleinewelt Architekten


Further north between the two lines of houses, stretches the complex’s private yard, that looks more even like an inner promenade. It is separated from the plaza by a fence, but it is situated on the same level. On the roof of the stylobate in its eastern part, there will be two small private parks between the two windows – the architects call them “the second level of the private garden”; from here, one will be able to look at the “promenade” yard and at the city below. This way, several levels of openness / privacy are formed, as well as several emotional levels of perception of the space from within and from without.

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    MOD housing complex. The project
    Copyright: © Kleinewelt Architekten
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    MOD housing complex. The project
    Copyright: © Kleinewelt Architekten
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    MOD housing complex. The project
    Copyright: © Kleinewelt Architekten


The “promenade” yard is packed with functions, zoned by geoplastics, and is connected by a network of trails; playgrounds alternate with workouts, hills alternate with small ponds. The center of the complex is a spiral walkway raised above the ground – a spatial attraction that allows one to rise to the height of the roof of the eastern stylobate and then descend along a gentle curve.

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    View from north to south. MOD housing complex. The project
    Copyright: © Kleinewelt Architekten
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    The yard. MOD housing complex. The conceptual diagrams
    Copyright: © Kleinewelt Architekten
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    MOD housing complex. The project
    Copyright: © Kleinewelt Architekten
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    The inner promenade. MOD housing complex. The project
    Copyright: © Kleinewelt Architekten
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    The landscaped roof of the stylobate of the eastern part. MOD housing complex. The project
    Copyright: © Kleinewelt Architekten
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    MOD housing complex. The project
    Copyright: © Kleinewelt Architekten


In the eastern part, adjoining the stylobate, the planning lines are straighter and more austere, while in the west part, turned to the city in its current state, and to Maryina Roshcha with its abundant greenery and low-rise buildings, everything becomes more flexible and open. The architects are clearly treating this part of the city as a park, something like a “garden city”, as opposed to the business activity of the opposite side. Here two towers are situated, 200 and 165 meters high, with a 3-story volume 19 meters high between them – a school and a kindergarten.

From the west side, there is no “beam” of the stylobate – hence, there are spaces between the buildings that allow you to peek from the street into the yard, while the school in the lower tier rests on glass supports of an oval section – short breaks appear between them as well, allowing you to look from the yard in the direction of Maryina Roshcha and vice versa, which forms “interflowing of spaces”, visual at least. The main facade of the school facing the inner promenade was formed, as the architects’ diagrams show, through a dialogue with a green hill under a spiral ramp – it seems to be “pressed through”, which makes it acquire a flexible outline that fits so well with milk lamellas, especially in perspective.

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    The landscaping of the roof and the stylobate. MOD housing complex. The project
    Copyright: © Kleinewelt Architekten
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    The landscaping of the errotory and the stylobate roof. MOD housing complex. The project
    Copyright: © Kleinewelt Architekten
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    MOD housing complex. The project
    Copyright: © Kleinewelt Architekten
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    MOD housing complex. The project
    Copyright: © Kleinewelt Architekten
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    The organization of the territory and the stylobate roof. MOD housing complex. The project
    Copyright: © Kleinewelt Architekten
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    The landscaping of the errotory and the stylobate roof. MOD housing complex. The project
    Copyright: © Kleinewelt Architekten
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    The organization of the territory and the stylobate roof. MOD housing complex. The project
    Copyright: © Kleinewelt Architekten


The facade plastique of the minor volumes picks up this theme: they are designed in deliberately different ways of emotional energetics, which will be formed on two different sides of the complex. The two 9-story houses, just like the school, grow from circular glass podiums – but their “legs” are strictly elliptical and rest on a stylobate. They carry parallelepipeds with a complex sculptural surface.

The facades of a red copper hue are composed of triangular bay windows framing each window as a relief cell; in each of the levels, the turning angle is different, which is why the top six floors begin to look like bands of conveyor belts, each one rotating in its own cycle, gradually changing pitch. The plastique is active; at the corners, at top and bottom, the volumetric elements stand almost at a 45-degree angle. The corner volume “works” as a giant sculpture.

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    The school building. MOD housing complex. The conceptual diagrams
    Copyright: © Kleinewelt Architekten
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    The concept of the school building. MOD housing complex. The conceptual diagrams.
    Copyright: © Kleinewelt Architekten
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    The school building. MOD housing complex. The conceptual diagrams.
    Copyright: © Kleinewelt Architekten
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    The school building. MOD housing complex. The conceptual diagrams.
    Copyright: © Kleinewelt Architekten
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    The school building. MOD housing complex. The conceptual diagrams.
    Copyright: © Kleinewelt Architekten
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    The school building. MOD housing complex. The conceptual diagrams.
    Copyright: © Kleinewelt Architekten


In the opposite building, which is golden yellow, the same techniques are softened, the offsets and the turns of the triangular bay windows are identical, even though aligned in a chessboard order – the image is less dramatic, and maybe even partly “jewelry-precious”.

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    MOD housing complex. The project
    Copyright: © Kleinewelt Architekten
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    MOD housing complex. The project
    Copyright: © Kleinewelt Architekten
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    MOD housing complex. The project
    Copyright: © Kleinewelt Architekten
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    MOD housing complex. The conceptual diagrams
    Copyright: © Kleinewelt Architekten
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    MOD housing complex. The project
    Copyright: © Kleinewelt Architekten


Together, the two houses and the tower that they flank create an axial composition with variations, which not only do not violate but even enhance the symmetry of the volumes on the sides of the significantly elevated center. 

The third, relatively low-rise, volume, situated, as we remember, from the side of Maryina Roshcha between the two other residential towers, has a uniquely small – by the standards of this complex – height of 19.3 meters, a long length, a transparent bottom tier, as well as some flexibility and even softness of form. Unlike the other buildings, it stands not upon the stylobate but on the ground; the rounded glass volumes of the first floor are asymmetrical, and the wavy facade of the two upper floors is formed by milky glass and thin vertical lamellas. The third volume can be understood as something that is opposed to the two 9-story houses: those two are all glittering metal and jagged edges, and this volume is all flowing, enshrouded in a gentle opaque glow.

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    MOD housing complex. The project
    Copyright: © Kleinewelt Architekten
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    MOD housing complex. The project
    Copyright: © Kleinewelt Architekten
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    MOD housing complex. The project
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    MOD housing complex. The project
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    MOD housing complex. The project
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    MOD housing complex. The project
    Copyright: © Kleinewelt Architekten
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    MOD housing complex. The conceptual diagrams
    Copyright: © Kleinewelt Architekten
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    MOD housing complex. The conceptual diagrams
    Copyright: © Kleinewelt Architekten


MOD housing complex. The project
Copyright: © Kleinewelt Architekten


The contrastive and individual design of each small volume as part of the complex seems to make perfect sense: it is these small buildings that we subconsciously perceive as “human-friendly” – and they are responsible for building up a dialogue with the surrounding space. The towers, on the other hand, are a different matter – “soaring upwards”, they go to a whole new level of abstraction. The high-rise volumes are rather similar to one another; their planning solutions are optimized and all but identical, and their facades are subjugated to a fine light-colored grid with a significant, about 70 cm, offset of the ribs and a high degree of distribution. The difference between the grids is based on a decrease in the step from south to north: in the third tower of smaller height, the grid is crushed, the width is decreased by half, and the height by three times. The edges of the facade grid will be covered with light limestone.

MOD housing complex. The project
Copyright: © Kleinewelt Architekten


The towers are stretched lengthwise, the aspect ratio being one to two-something; in this, they echo the elongated shape of the site, so, when viewed en face, the volumes are slender, and, if you look from east or west, rather imposing.

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    MOD housing complex
    Copyright: © Kleinewelt Architekten
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    MOD housing complex
    Copyright: © Kleinewelt Architekten
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    MOD housing complex.
    Copyright: © Kleinewelt Architekten
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    MOD housing complex. The project
    Copyright: © Kleinewelt Architekten
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    Plan of the standard floor. MOD housing complex. The project
    Copyright: © Kleinewelt Architekten


All the three towers are crowned with golden “heads” of the attics with slender lamellas of anodized aluminum, which host 6 floors of penthouses: the ceilings height here is 4.8 meters instead of the standard 3.3 in the main part. These apartments can easily include lofts or double-height rooms.

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    MOD housing complex. The project
    Copyright: © Kleinewelt Architekten
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    MOD housing complex. The project
    Copyright: © Kleinewelt Architekten
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    MOD housing complex. The project
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    MOD housing complex. The project
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    MOD housing complex. The project
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    MOD housing complex. The project
    Copyright: © Kleinewelt Architekten
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    MOD housing complex. The project
    Copyright: © Kleinewelt Architekten
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    MOD housing complex. The project
    Copyright: © Kleinewelt Architekten
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    MOD housing complex. The project
    Copyright: © Kleinewelt Architekten
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    MOD housing complex. The project
    Copyright: © Kleinewelt Architekten


Special mention should be given to the interiors – they are drawn for the lobbies for the standard floors even for the parking garages. They are laconic and are generally based on the optic contrast between black and white. From time to time an inversion occurs: black replaces weight and vice versa. This happens in the minor units and in the parking garages.

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    MOD housing complex. The project
    Copyright: © Kleinewelt Architekten
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    MOD housing complex. The project
    Copyright: © Kleinewelt Architekten
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    MOD housing complex. The project
    Copyright: © Kleinewelt Architekten
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    MOD housing complex. The project
    Copyright: © Kleinewelt Architekten


However, as the significance of the space grows, more significance is attached to the texture of various degrees of “preciousness”. It marks various important elements, chief of them being the reception desk; then it becomes more complex and richer in color in the towers. The height of all of the lobby ceilings is 6 meters. 

The intensity of color and the complexity of the pattern of stone streaks grow every so smoothly, from building to building, in order to make a “crescendo” in the dark crimson reception desk of Building 7, glowing from the inside. At the same time, the architects carefully observe the uniformity principle: the proportions of all the lobbies stay within the same limits.

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    Building S. MOD housing complex. The project
    Copyright: © Kleinewelt Architekten
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    Building S. MOD housing complex. The project
    Copyright: © Kleinewelt Architekten
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    MOD housing complex. The project
    Copyright: © Kleinewelt Architekten
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    The guest bathroom. MOD housing complex. The project
    Copyright: © Kleinewelt Architekten
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    MOD housing complex. The project
    Copyright: © Kleinewelt Architekten
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    The interior of the parking garage. MOD housing complex. The project
    Copyright: © Kleinewelt Architekten
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    MOD housing complex. The project
    Copyright: © Kleinewelt Architekten
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    MOD housing complex. The project
    Copyright: © Kleinewelt Architekten
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    the interior of the parking garage. MOD housing complex. The project
    Copyright: © Kleinewelt Architekten
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    The interior of the parking garage. MOD housing complex. The project
    Copyright: © Kleinewelt Architekten
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    The interior of the parking garage. MOD housing complex. The project
    Copyright: © Kleinewelt Architekten
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    The interior of the parking garage. MOD housing complex. The project
    Copyright: © Kleinewelt Architekten
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    The storage. MOD housing complex. The project
    Copyright: © Kleinewelt Architekten
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    MOD housing complex. The project
    Copyright: © Kleinewelt Architekten
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    MOD housing complex. The project
    Copyright: © Kleinewelt Architekten
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    MOD housing complex. The project
    Copyright: © Kleinewelt Architekten
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    MOD housing complex. The project
    Copyright: © Kleinewelt Architekten
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    MOD housing complex. The project
    Copyright: © Kleinewelt Architekten


It comes as no surprise that Kleinewelt Architekten describe their project as a “manifesto of Modernist minimalist principles in architecture”, and at the same time as “living, tactile, even romantic” – “sensual functionalism”. It includes a wide variety of techniques, its harmonies being based on a balance between bright and austere, strict repetitiveness and lively agility. Interestingly, the “lively” rather gravitates towards minor volumes and shapes: 9-story houses and the school, while the “lively” – towards the big ones, such as towers, even though they still react, albeit not without majestic calm, to this game – for example, with the differences of pitch of the facade grid, formed by the ventilation module sometimes on the left and sometimes on the right.

MOD housing complex. The project
Copyright: © Kleinewelt Architekten


Possibly, one could even say that this “activity gradient”, fading away in the volumes from small to large, takes a reverse path in the interiors, and completes the motion, offering the brightest accent inside one of the two largest towers. This is how a kind of dialectical spiral arises, within the framework of which a series of oscillations from regular and calm to bright and mobile are placed. It is possible that the ramp in the middle of the boulevard serves not only as the main attraction and the key to the emotional/spatial interaction between the courtyards, but also in some way a sign of the ambivalence of the architects’ manifesto presented here, combining a firm adherence to a strict “modernist” form and a willingness to “rock” it in order to breathe life into it.
The construction of the MOD housing complex began in June 2021.

06 September 2021

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A depository designed by Studio 44 will soon be built in Kenozersky National Park to preserve and display the so-called “heavens” – ceiling structures characteristic of wooden churches in the Russian North, painted with biblical scenes. For each of these “heavens”, the architects created a volume corresponding in scale and dimensions to the original church interior. The result is a honeycomb-like composition, with modules derived directly from the historic monuments themselves, allowing visitors to view the icons from the historically accurate angle – from below, looking upward. How exactly this works is the subject of our story.
​The Power of Lines
The building at the very beginning of New Arbat is the result of long deliberations over how to replace the former House of Communication. Contemporary, dynamic, and even somewhat zoomorphic in character, it is structured around a large diagonal grid. The building has become a striking accent both in the perspective of the former Kalinin Avenue and in the panorama of Arbat Square. Yet, unfortunately, the original concept was not fully realized. In 2020, the Moscow ArchCouncil approved a design featuring an exoskeleton – an external load-bearing structure, which eventually turned into a purely decorative element. Still, the power of the supergraphic “holds” the building, giving it the qualities of a new urban landmark with iconic potential. How this concept took shape, what unexpected associations might underlie the grid’s form, and why the exoskeleton was never built – all this is explored in our article.
Resort on the Kama River
Wowhaus has developed a project for the reconstruction of Korabelnaya Roshcha (“Mast Grove”), a wellness resort located on the banks of the Kama River.
Nests in Primorye
The eco-park project “Nests”, designed by Aleksey Polishchuk and the company Power Technologies, received first prize at the Eco-Coast 2025 festival, organized by the Union of Architects of Russia. For a glamping site in Filinskaya Bay, the authors proposed bird-shaped houses, treehouses, and a nest-shaped observation platform, topping it all with an entrance pavilion executed in the shape of an owl.
The Angle of String Tension
The House of Music, designed by Vladimir Plotkin and the architects of TPO Reserve, resembles a harp, and when seen from above, even a bass clef. But if only it were that simple! The architecture of the complex fuses two distinct expressive languages: the lattice-like, transparent, permeable vocabulary of “classical” modernism and the sculptural, ribbon-like volumes so beloved by today’s neo-modernism. How it all works – where the catharsis lies, which compositional axes underpin the design, where the project resembles Zaryadye Concert Hall and where it does not – read in the article below.
How Historic Tobolsk Becomes a Portal to the Future
Over the past decade, the architectural company Wowhaus has developed urban strategies for several Russian cities – Vyksa, Tula, and Nizhnekamsk, to name but a few. Against this backdrop, the Tobolsk master plan stands out both for its scale – the territory under transformation covers more than 220 square kilometers – and for its complexity.
St. Petersburg vs Rome
The center of St. Petersburg is, as we know, sacred – but few people can say with certainty where this “sacred place” actually begins and ends. It’s not about the formal boundaries, “from the Obvodny Canal to the Bolshaya Nevka”, but about the vibe that feels true to the city center. With the Nevskaya Ratusha complex – built to a design that won an international competition – Evgeny Gerasimov and Sergei Tchoban created an “image of the center” within its territory. And not so much the image of St. Petersburg itself, as that of a global metropolis. This is something new, something that hasn’t appeared in the city for a long time. In this article, we study the atmosphere, recall precedents, and even reflect on who and when first called St. Petersburg the “new Rome”. Clearly, the idea is alive for a reason.
On the Wave
The project of transforming the river port and embankment in the city of Cheboksary, developed by the ATRIUM Architects, involves one of the city’s key areas. The Volga embankment is to be turned into a riverside boulevard – a multifunctional, comfortable, and expressive space for work and leisure activities. The authors propose creating a new link with the city’s main Krasnaya (“Red”) Square, as well as erecting several residential towers inspired by the shape of the traditional national women’s headdress – these towers are likely to become striking accents on the Volga panorama.
Valery Kanyashin: “We Were Given a Free Hand”
The Headliner residential complex, the main part of which was recently completed just across from Moscow City, is a kind of neighbor to the MIBC that doesn’t “play along” with it. On the contrary, the new complex is entirely built on contrast: like a city of differently scaled buildings that seems to have emerged naturally over the past 20 years – which is a hugely popular trend nowadays! And yet here – perhaps only here – such a project has been realized to its full potential. Yes, high-rises dominate, but all these slender, delicate profiles, all these exciting perspectives! And most importantly – how everything is mixed and composed together... We spoke with the project’s leader Valery Kanyashin.
​The Keystone
Until quite recently, premium residential and office complexes in Moscow were seen as the exclusive privilege of the city center. Today the situation is changing: high-quality architecture is moving beyond the confines of the Third Ring Road and appearing on the outskirts. The STONE Kaluzhskaya business center is one such example. Projects like this help decentralize the megalopolis, making life and work prestigious in any part of the city.
Perpetuum Mobile
The interior of the headquarters of Natsproektstroy, created by the IND studio team, vividly and effectively reflects the client’s field of activity – it is one of Russia’s largest infrastructure companies, responsible for logistics and transport communications of every kind you can possibly think of.