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​A Town Within a Suburb

The construction of the first stage of “Novokraskovo” housing complex has been completed. Two city blocks set quite a different rhythm to the surrounding territory of the settlement: the new complex comes in larger increments, yet at the same time it is more flexible and diverse – of the true urban type.

25 March 2019
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We already covered the housing project of “Novokraskovo”: it consists of four large city blocks on the Egoryevskoe Highway lying 15 kilometers off the Moscow Ring Road, east of Lyubertsy. Essentially, this is a countryside place, not far away from the proverbial town of Malakhovka but currently it is mostly dominated by multistory buildings – and the work of Ostozhenka Architects became the first example of design architecture here. The settlement of Kraskovo is particularly known for its sand quarries: a result of the work of the Korenevsky plant of building materials (founded in 1930, just as Malakhovka), they were later on flooded over and turned into manmade lakes.

Novokraskovo housing complex. View from the corner of Korenevskoe and Egoryevskoe highways
Copyright: © Ostozhenka Bureau
Novokraskovo housing complex. Top view
Copyright: © Ostozhenka Bureau


The residential complex is occupying the territory of a former military base situated between the highway, the Chekhova Street and the Novokraskovsky Quarry Lake: the latter is sort of hazardous to swim in but still there is a semblance of a sand beach on the other shore. Until recently, this place looked all but derelict: the classic lopsided trees peeking from behind the sickeningly familiar concrete fence of the military base.

Now it has turned into a full-fledged urban area – in front of terra-cotta brick façades, at the crossroads, a small Y-shaped square appeared thanks to a slight turn of the corner building: this space “pause” or “rest” gave extra meaning to the crossroads. It even looks as though the surrounding greenery has decided to live up to the new standards – now it looks almost like a park. It is only the laconic volume of the sales office, saluting to the cars driving down the highway, that lets us know that it wasn’t always this way here. According to the project, the office building will later be replaced by a sculpture with a clock – a clear indication of the city importance of this square.

Novokraskovo housing complex. View from the crossing of Korenevskoe and Egoryevskoe highways
Copyright: © Ostozhenka Bureau


Novokraskovo housing complex
Copyright: © Ostozhenka Bureau


Currently, two city blocks out of four have been built – the first and second stages, houses 1-4.

Novokraskovo housing complex. Master plan
Copyright: © Ostozhenka Bureau


These two blocks, however, are larger than the other two, which will be built more to the north on the lake shore – and, in addition, they are more representative-looking. It is these particular blocks that are essentially the face of the complex, and, it must be said that already now – at least, for the cars passing by – it looks like quite a complete architectural project.

The bend of the façade in front of the square, however small compared to the scale of the complex at large, is a very important stylistic device: this “author’s signature”, very delicate and reserved, demonstrates both bending plastique and, if viewed from certain angles, the sharpness of the corner “nose” that takes on the role of the main façade of the entire complex. Therefore, the tall bottom floor is fully glazed and sunken in – the volumetric cutaway is enough to create an effect of an overhanging mass above the transparent ground floor.

Novokraskovo housing complex. View from the square
Copyright: © Ostozhenka Bureau


Cafes, shops, and public spaces will occupy the bottom floors of the outside contour; one of the sections will host a children’s clinic, which is already popular with the local residents. However, the bottom floors of different buildings are designed differently: the theme of modernist “stripe” is sometimes continued, and sometimes it dies away, the buildings losing in their height. Along the length of the highway, the band of the bottom floors is intercepted by three groups of pylons that cover two floors, one on top of the other – “porticos” at the base of the towers.

Novokraskovo housing complex. Overview from the Egoryevskoe Highway, Moscow-bound
Copyright: © Ostozhenka Bureau


The design of the bottom floors on the “yard” side is more interesting still: there are lots of galleries here, resting on pillars sometimes one and sometimes two stories tall. They make it possible to interpret the vehicle-free yards as inland “mini-squares”. The pillars are mostly white, the gallery walls behind them being subjugated to a color code: orange, red, and cadmium yellow colors are assigned to specific buildings, and they also appear in the arches that serve as gateways to the yards, elevator lobbies with pram storage rooms, and the corridors on each floor. The color casts overtones and gives some extra intrigue to the depth of the galleries. This effect was used by the architects in the “Akvareli” (“Watercolor”) housing complex located comparatively near, in Balashikha, which was completed six years earlier. This housing complex, just many other buildings designed by Ostozhenka, is echoed by a sophisticated structure of volumes that combines “beams” with “towers” and is abundant in cutaways, which turn out to be both a “compulsory measure”, i.e. the result of searching for the optimum insolation solution – and, at the same time an artistic device that enriches both plastique and silhouette. What also makes this complex akin to “Akvareli” is also the architects’ love for white color – which easily reflects other colors and sunlight. In this particular instance, the architects settled on white stucco, both for economy and imagery reasons.

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    Novokraskovo housing complex. View of the yard of the first block © Novokraskovo housing complex
    Copyright: © Ostozhenka Bureau
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    Novokraskovo housing complex. View of the yard of the second block
    Copyright: © Ostozhenka Bureau
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    Novokraskovo housing complex. View of the first block from the Egoryevskoe highway
    Copyright: © Ostozhenka Bureau
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    Novokraskovo housing complex. A facade fragment
    Copyright: © Ostozhenka Bureau


But then again, in spite of these similarities, the complexes are completely different. “Novokraskovo” is much more about the “fortress” theme, very much like a silhouette outline of an Italian castello – which is boosted by externally brick façades and towers, especially those three that stand along the highway, at the basis of which the pylons of the “porticos” appear. But then again, it does not go any further than a mere hint: just as important is the image of the “city at large”, a complex multi-height and multicolored structure. The white color mostly belongs with the yards but it also appears on the outside façades; the brick also “leaks inside”, reminding us of a jigsaw puzzle of numerous interconnected differently colored pieces or a snow iceberg melting inside the brown crust.

The sculptural image is dictated, among other things, by the insolation requirements – the architects explain – but it is strengthened by the “introduction of white stucco fragments into the outside perimeter and, the other way around, brick ones into the yards” – in order to avoid the effect of lengthy façades of equal height along the perimeter of the complex.

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    Novokraskovo housing complex. View of the yard of the first block
    Copyright: © Ostozhenka Bureau
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    Novokraskovo housing complex. View of the building of the first block
    Copyright: © Ostozhenka Bureau
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    Novokraskovo housing complex. A facade fragment
    Copyright: © Ostozhenka Bureau
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    Novokraskovo housing complex. View of the building of the second block
    Copyright: © Ostozhenka Bureau


“Both these materials are naturally warm and really homely – the architects explain – and on the sensitive level, however different, they are perceived as being of the same kind, and they beautifully complement each other. In the vein of this solution, dictated, among other things, by economic reasons, we made the choice of color and stucco, and designed the façade surfaces”.

Novokraskovo housing complex. Overview from the Korenevskoe Highway
Copyright: © Ostozhenka Bureau


This is not all there is to it, however: depending upon their location, the façade materials get different rhythms of alternating vertical and horizontal windows. On the brick façades, it is strictly chessboard-like, the narrow windows being grouped in twos that look very much like a pair of eyes above the wide open mouth of the horizontal window. In the yards, the rows of windows become more agile and form punctured lines. The white side ends are getting pristine diagonal compositions of small openings that distantly resemble the façade grid of the Melnikov House. The strict diagonal rhythm is also supported by the casings of the air conditioning units – on the outside façades they are painted the color of the walls and thus merge with the brick and white colors alike. Inside the yards, the casings also become a color code element. The casings are factory-painted, while the round openings in the metal help the “little balconies” to perform the expected decorative function. In combination with the colorful slants and the dazzling white of the wall everything looks fresh and pure. The balconies, which are sunken in to be on a level with the wall on the façades, turn into bay windows on the yard side, getting a slight sideways turn and their share of color.

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    Novokraskovo housing complex. View of the second block from the Egoryevskoe Highway
    Copyright: © Ostozhenka Bureau
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    Novokraskovo housing complex. View from the Egoryevskoe highway
    Copyright: © Ostozhenka Bureau
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    Novokraskovo housing complex. View from the Korenevskoe highway
    Copyright: © Ostozhenka Bureau


Of course, the sophisticated silhouette of the complex is defined by the balance between the required output of square footage, insolation requirements, height restrictions, and town planning logic. This is why the corner building, the one that faces the crossroads and the square, is seven stories high. It serves as a transition link between the complex and the surrounding houses that are mostly two or three stories high standing behind the trees – and ensures a comfortable city scale. Further on, on either side, the volumes grow higher up to a maximum of 17 floors. One must say that on the other side of the Chekhova Street (which is also the Korenevskoe Highway), on the territory of the Construction Research and Development Institute, the Vyacheslav Bogachkin Architects designed a housing project of the same height, and, therefore, in the course of the design work, Ostozhenka Architects had to take into account not only the already-existing buildings but also this neighboring project; but then again, it is not yet clear if the latter will be actually built.

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    Novokraskovo housing complex. The 1st floor
    Copyright: © Ostozhenka Bureau
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    Novokraskovo housing complex. The 5th floor
    Copyright: © Ostozhenka Bureau
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    Novokraskovo housing complex. The 14th floor
    Copyright: © Ostozhenka Bureau


One of the important narratives of the project is the system of green spaces that penetrating the entire residential area. Arrays of new, so far small, trees separate the complex from the street and the highway, and surround it along its perimeter. On the inside of the complex, there will be a crossing of two boulevards. On the one hand, they will serve as the inside traffic arteries, and, on the other hand, they are connected by pedestrian links with landscaped vehicle-free yards and the quarry lake shore. The construction of a school and underground parking garage is still debated because they would have to be built on alluvial lands, and the local residents protest against filling some of the lake. The construction of a kindergarten, which is located closer to the residential buildings, has already begun.

Novokraskovo housing complex. Top view, a fragment
Copyright: © Ostozhenka Bureau


In spite of the rather sophisticated composition of volumes, the architects were still able to avoid sharp angles in their planning solutions and get the required diversity of apartment floor plans – from small studios to spacious three-room apartments. Virtually all of the curvilinear surfaces conceal stanza balconies that make it possible to solve the task of making sure that the rooms nevertheless have regular measurements; some of the apartments of the first, second, and third floors are enlarged in order to get the required amount of sunlight. Going higher up, the architects unified the floor plans, considering the fact that the project is essentially economy class. The corridors are rather long at times, leading to 7-8 small apartments, which is crucial for space-efficient planning. 

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    Novokraskovo housing complex. Development drawing along the inner boulevard
    Copyright: © Ostozhenka Bureau
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    Novokraskovo housing complex. Development drawings
    Copyright: © Ostozhenka Bureau
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    Novokraskovo housing complex. The facade scheme
    Copyright: © Ostozhenka Bureau
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    Novokraskovo housing complex. The facade scheme
    Copyright: © Ostozhenka Bureau
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    Novokraskovo housing complex. Development drawings
    Copyright: © Ostozhenka Bureau
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    Novokraskovo housing complex. Development drawings
    Copyright: © Ostozhenka Bureau
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    Novokraskovo housing complex. Facades, Buildings 2 and 3 © Novokraskovo housing complex
    Copyright: © Ostozhenka Bureau
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    Novokraskovo housing complex. Facades, Buildings 5 and 6 © Novokraskovo housing complex
    Copyright: © Ostozhenka Bureau
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    Novokraskovo housing complex. Longitudinal section view, Building 3 © Novokraskovo housing complex
    Copyright: © Ostozhenka Bureau
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    Novokraskovo housing complex. Longitudinal section view, Building 4 © Novokraskovo housing complex
    Copyright: © Ostozhenka Bureau
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    Novokraskovo housing complex. Longitudinal section view, Building 5 © Novokraskovo housing complex
    Copyright: © Ostozhenka Bureau


Ostozhenka Architects have long since developed their own methods of creative and productive work with large-scale housing projects: they inevitably turn out to be big – yes – but still recognizable and having a unique identity of their own. When still in the concept stage, the architects considered a prospect of building a few towers here, yet the project ultimately ended up being made of perimeter city blocks sporting a picturesque silhouette formed by rhythmically placed tower-like volumes. The complex became one of the logically grounded versions of implementing the idea that Ostozhenka Architects have been promoting for years – perhaps, from the day the company was founded – and which is still relevant today. Essentially, this residential area is a small town in its own right, which sets new standards of space organization to this actively developing formerly industrial area.
Novokraskovo housing complex
Copyright: © Ostozhenka Bureau


25 March 2019

Headlines now
A Unique Representative
The recently concluded year 2024 can be considered the year of completion for the “Garden Quarters” residential complex in Moscow’s Khamovniki. This project is well-known and, in many ways, iconic. Rarely does one manage to preserve such a number of original ideas, achieving in the end a kind of urban planning Gesamtkunstwerk. Here is a subjective view from an architecture journalist, with an interview with Sergey Skuratov soon to follow.
Field of Life
The new project by the architectural company PNKB (an acronym for “Design, Research, and Advisory Bureau”), led by Sergey Gnedovsky and Anton Lyubimkin, for the Kulikovo Field Museum is dedicated to the field as a concept in its own right. The field has long been a focus of the museum’s thorough and successful research. Accordingly, the exterior of the new museum building is gentler than that of its predecessor, which was also designed by PNKB and dedicated specifically to the historic battle. Inside, however, the building confidently guides the visitor from a luminous atrium along a spiral path to the field – interpreted here as a field of life.
A Paper Clip above the River
In this article, we talk with Vitaly Lutz from the Genplan Institute of Moscow about the design and unique features of the pedestrian bridge that now links the two banks of the Yauza River in the new cluster of Bauman Moscow State Technical University (MSTU). The bridge’s form and functionality – particularly the inclusion of an amphitheater suspended over the river – were conceived during the planning phase of the territory’s development. Typically, this approach is not standard practice, but the architects advocate for it, referring to this intermediate project phase as the “pre-AGR” stage (AGR stands for Architectural and Urban Planning Approval). Such a practice, they argue, helps define key parameters of future projects and bridge the gap between urban planning and architectural design.
Living in the Architecture of One’s Own Making
Do architects design houses for themselves? You bet! In this article, we are examining a new book by TATLIN publishing house. This book – unprecedented for Russia – features 52 private homes designed and built by contemporary architects for themselves. It includes houses that are famous, even iconic, as well as lesser-known ones; large and small, stylish and eccentric. To some extent, the book reflects the history of Russian architecture over the past 30 years.
A City Block Isoline
Another competition project for a residential complex on the banks of the Volga in Nizhny Novgorod has been prepared by Studio 44. A team of architects led by Ivan Kozhin concluded that using a regular block layout in such a location would be inappropriate and developed a “custom design” approach: a chain of parceled multi-section buildings stretching along the entire embankment. Let’s explore the features and advantages of this unconventional method.
Competition: The Price of Creativity?
Any day now, we’re expecting the results of a competition held by the “Samolet” development group for a plot in Kommunarka. In the meantime, we share the impressions of Editor-in-Chief Julia Tarabarina, who managed to conduct a public talk. Though technically focused on the interaction between developers and architects, the public talk turned into a discussion about the pros and cons of architectural competitions.
Terraced Design
The “River Park” residential complex has confidently and securely shaped the Nagatinsky Backwater shoreline. Featuring a public embankment, elevated courtyards connected by pedestrian bridges, and brick façades, the development invites exploration of its nuanced response to the surrounding context, as well as hints of the architects’ megalithic design thinking.
A Kremlin’s Core and Meteorite Fragments
We continue our coverage of the competition projects for the residential district that the development company GloraX plans to build along the embankment of the Rowing Channel in Nizhny Novgorod. ASADOV Architects approached the concept through a deep dive into local identity, using storytelling to pinpoint a central idea for the design: the master plan and composition are imagined as if a meteorite had struck a “proto-Kremlin”. Sounds weird? Find more details below!
The Volga Regatta
GloraX plans to develop a residential complex spanning 14 hectares along the Volga River in Nizhny Novgorod. The winning design in a closed-door competition, created by GORA Architects, features housing typologies ranging from townhouses to terraced high-rise slabs, a balance of functions, diverse ways of engaging with the water, and even a dedicated island (no less!) for the city residents.
Life Plans
The master plan for the residential district “Prityazheniye” (“Gravity”) in Naberezhnye Chelny was developed by the architectural company A.Len, taking into account the specific urban planning context and partially implemented solutions of the first phase. However, the master plan prioritized its own values: a green framework, a system of focal points, a hierarchy of spaces, and pedestrian priority. After this, the question of what residents will do in their neighborhood simply doesn’t arise.
A New Track
We took a thorough look at D_Station, a railcar repair depot dating back to 1906, recently reconstructed while preserving its century-old industrial structure, upon the project by Sergey Trukhanov and T+T Architects. Though work on the interiors – set to house restaurants and public spaces – is still underway, the building’s exterior already offers plenty to see. Visitors can explore the blend of old and new brickwork, appreciate the architect’s unique interpretation of ruin aesthetics, and enjoy the newly built pedestrian route that connects the Citydel Business Center’s arches to Kazakova Street.
Four Different Surveys
The “Explore the City” competition, organized this year by the Genplan Institute of Moscow, stands out as a pretty unconventional one for the architectural field but aligns perfectly well with the character of urban planning work. The winning project analyzed contemporary residential complexes, combining urban planning insights with a realtor’s perspective to propose a hybrid approach. Other entries explored public centers, motivations for car ownership, and housing vacancy rates. A fifth participant withdrew. Here’s a closer look at the four completed works.
Scheduled Evolution
ASADOV Architects unveiled the EvyCenter pavilion, a microcultural hub for fostering personal growth, organizing workshops, and doing gymnastics. Additionally, this pavilion serves as a prototype for a scalable country house, drawing inspiration from the “Loskutok” project, and constructed from CLT panels in a factory. This marks the beginning of a developer project initiated by the architectural firm (sic!), which is seeking partners to expand both small Evy settlements and even larger Evy cities, which are, according to Andrey Asadov, aimed at fostering the “evolutionary” development of the people who will inhabit them.
The Golden Crown
The concept for a dental clinic in Yekaterinburg, developed by CNTR Studio, revolves around the idea of a “mouth full of gold”: pristine white porcelain stoneware walls are complemented by matte brass details. To avoid an overly literal interpretation, the architects focused on the building’s proportions, skillfully navigating between sunlight requirements and fire safety regulations.
Flexibility and Integration
Not long ago, we covered the project for the fourth phase of the ÁLIA residential complex, designed by APEX. Now, we’ve been shown different fence concepts they developed to enclose the complex’s private courtyards, incorporating a variety of public functions. We believe that the sheer fact that the complex’s architects were involved in such a detail as fencing speaks volumes.
A Step Forward
The HIDE residential complex represents a major milestone for ADM architects and their leaders Andrey Romanov and Ekaterina Kuznetsova in their quest for a fresh high-rise aesthetic – one that is flexible and layered, capable of bringing vibrancy to mass and silhouette while shaping form. Over recent years, this approach has become ADM’s “signature style”, with the golden HIDE tower playing a pivotal role in its evolution. Here, we delve into the project’s story, explore the details of the complex’s design, and uncover its core essence.
Gold in the Sands
A new office for a transcontinental company specializing in resource extraction and processing has opened in Dubai. Designed by T+T Architects, masters of creating spaces that are contemporary, diverse, flexible, and original, this project exemplifies their expertise. On the executive floor, a massive brass-clad partition dominates, while layered textures of compressed earth create a contextually resonant backdrop.
Layers and Levels of Flight
This project goes way back – Reserve Union won this architectural competition at the end of 2011, and the building was completed in 2018, so it’s practically “archival”. However, despite being relatively unknown, the building can hardly be considered “dated” and remains a prime example of architectural expression, particularly in the headquarters genre. And it’s especially fitting for an aviation company office. In some ways, it resembles the Aeroflot headquarters at Sheremetyevo but with its own unique identity, following the signature style of Vladimir Plotkin. In this article, we take an in-depth look at the United Aircraft Corporation (UAC) headquarters in the Moscow agglomeration town of Zhukovsky, supplemented by recent photographs from Alexey Naroditsky – a shoot that became only recently possible due to the fact that improvements were finally made in the surrounding area.
Light and Shadow
In this article, we delve into the architectural design of the “Chaika” house by DNK ag architects, which was recently completed in 2023 as part of the collection of signature designs at ZILArt. As is well-known, all the buildings in this complex follow a design code, yet each one is distinct. This particular building stands out not only for its whiteness and minimalism but also for the refined use of a limited number of techniques that, together, create what can confidently be called synergy.
Casus Novae
A master plan was developed for a large residential area with a name of “DNS City”, but now that its implementation began, the plan has been arbitrarily reformatted and replaced with something that, while similar on the surface, is actually quite different. This is not the first time such a thing happens, but it’s always frustrating. With permission from the author, we are sharing Maria Elkina’s post.
Treasure Hunting
The GAFA bureau, in collaboration with Tegola and Arkhitail, organized an expedition to the island of Kilpola in Karelia as part of Moskomarkhitektura’s “Open City” festival. There, amidst moss and rocks, the students sought answers to questions like: what is the sacred, where does it dwell, and what sustains it? Assisting the participants in this quest were landscape engineer Evgeny Levin, artist Nicholas Roerich, a moose, and the lack of cellular connection. Here’s how the story unfolded.
Depths of the Earth, Streams of Water
In the Malaya Okhta district, the Akzent building, designed by Stepan Liphart, was constructed. It follows a classic tripartite structure, yet it’s what you might call “hand-drawn”: each façade is unique in its form and details, some of which aren’t immediately noticeable. In this article, we explore the context and, together with the architect, delve into how the form was developed.
Fir Tree Dynamics
The “Airports of Region” holding is planning to build an airport in Karachay-Cherkessia, aiming to make the Arkhyz and Dombay resorts more accessible to travelers. The project that won in an invitation-only competition, submitted by Sergey Nikeshkin’s KPLN, blends natural imagery inspired by the shape of a conifer seed, open-air waiting spaces, majestic large trees, and a green roof elevated on needle-like columns. The result is both nature-inspired and WOW.
​A Brick Shell
In the process of designing a clubhouse situated among pine trees in a prestigious suburban area near Moscow, the architectural firm “A.Len” did the façade design part. The combination of different types of brick and masonry correlates with the volumetric and plastique solutions, further enhanced by the inclusion of wood-painted fragments and metal “glazing”.
Word Forms
ATRIUM architects love ambitious challenges, and for the firm’s thirtieth anniversary, they boldly play a game of words with an exhibition that dives deep into a self-created vocabulary. They immerse their projects – especially art installations – into this glossary, as if plunging into a current of their own. You feel as if you’re flowing through the veins of pure art, immersed in a universe of vertical cities, educational spaces – of which the architects are true masters – and the cultural codes of various locations. But what truly captivates is the bold statement that Vera Butko and Anton Nadtochy make, both through their work and this exhibition: architecture, above all, is art – the art of working with form and space.
Flexibility and Acuteness of Modernity
Luxurious, fluid, large “kokoshniks” and spiral barrel columns, as if made from colorful chewing gum: there seem to be no other mansion like this in Moscow, designed in the “Neo-Russian-Modern” style. And the “Teremok” on Malaya Kaluzhskaya, previously somewhat obscure, has “come alive with new colors” and gained visibility after its restoration for the office of the “architectural ecosystem” as the architects love to call themselves. It’s evident that Julius Borisov and the architects at UNK put their hearts into finding this new office and bringing it up to date. Let’s delve into the paradoxes of this mansion’s history and its plasticity. Spoiler: two versions of modernity meet here, both balancing on the razor’s edge of “what’s current”.
Yuri Vissarionov: “A modular house does not belong to the land”
It belongs to space, or to the air... It turns out that 3D printing is more effective when combined with a modular approach: the house is built in a workshop and then adapted to the site, including on uneven terrain. Yuri Vissarionov shares his latest experience in designing tourist complexes, both in central Russia and in the south. These include houseboats, homes printed from lightweight concrete using a 3D printer, and, of course, frame houses.
​Moscow’s First
“The quality of education largely depends on the quality of the educational environment”. This principle of the last decade has been realized by Sergey Skuratov in the project for the First Moscow Gymnasium on Rostovskaya Embankment in the Khamovniki district. The building seamlessly integrates into the complex urban landscape, responding both to the pedestrian flow of the city and the quiet alleyways. It skillfully takes advantage of the height differences and aligns with modern trends in educational space design. Let’s take a closer look.
Looking at the Water
The site of Villa Sonata stretches from the road to the water’s edge, offering its own shoreline, pier, and a picturesque river panorama. To reveal these sweeping views, Roman Leonidov “cut” the façade diagonally parallel to the river, thus getting two main axes for the house and, consequently, “two heads”. The internal core – two double-height spaces, a living room and a conservatory, with a “bridge” above them – makes the house both “transparent” and filled with light.
The White Wing
Well, it’s not exactly white. It’s more of a beige, white-stone structure that plays with the color of limestone – smoother surfaces are lighter, while rougher ones are darker. This wing unites various elements: it absorbs and interprets the surrounding themes. It responds to everything, yet maintains a cohesive expression – a challenging task! – while also incorporating recognizable features of its own, such as the dynamic cuts at the bottom, top, and middle.