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A Single-Industry Town

Kola MMC and Nornickel are building a residential neighborhood in Monchegorsk for their future employees. It is based on a project by an international team that won the 2021 competition. The project offers a number of solutions meant to combat the main “demons” of any northern city: wind, grayness and boredom.

20 December 2023
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Monchegorsk is a single-industry town that was formed back in 1937 due to the discovery of copper and nickel deposits and the opening of the Kola Mining and Metallurgical Company, which is now part of Nornickel. Until recently, this place was a bit scary to live in: industrial emissions caused the concentration of sulfur compounds and other substances in the air to be such that hectares of forest on the leeward side were dying. However, Nornickel is gradually modernizing its production, making it more environmentally friendly, and shifting towards “white metallurgy”. For example, in 2021, the copper shop in Monchegorsk was shut down to be replaced with a new copper refining plant; its environmental impact is expected to be minimal.

To attract specialists for the new production facility, Nornickel plans to build housing of its own. Two years ago, a competition was held for the project. We told you about the competition quite a long time ago, and now we have an opportunity to take a closer look at the winning project – it has some interesting solutions in it. The authors of the project are a consortium of NIIPI Gradplan of Moscow, Dialectica (Spectrum Group) and the Dutch company Atelier PRO.

Metallurgists in the tundra

The name of the city comes from the Sami word “moncha”, which means “beautiful”, but this definition so far refers exclusively to the surrounding nature. Monchegorsk is located far above the Arctic Circle, between the Lapland Reserve and Lake Bolshaya Imandra, in the Monchetundra and Chunatundra mountain ranges. It is surrounded by hills and rocks, rivers and lakes.

Monchegorsk itself essentially consists of the Kola MMC, which occupies almost a third of the city, five-story Khrushchev-era buildings and wide streets blown through by an icy wind. There are also many water bodies within the city limits – lakes of various sizes and, again, the Moncha River. The neighborhood of the natural and man-made is reflected in the names of the streets: near Metallurgov Avenue and Nickel Highway there are Moroshkovaya (a kind of local berry) and Lesnaya (“Forest”) Streets.

The residential complex will occupy a plot of land that is now empty and divides the established neighborhoods. It is planned to build a cultural and leisure center and an ice arena in the same quarter – the city is very fond of sports. There are a lot of trees growing on the site; on three sides it is surrounded by water bodies, which gives ample opportunities for the arrangement of recreational areas. If all the projects are implemented, the site will claim the status of a central location, including in terms of concentration of public functions – which will be the right thing, as it is located in the layout center of Monchegorsk.

Each consortium member had its own tasks. NIIPI Gradplan was in charge of territory planning, while Dialectica, together with Atelier PRO, was responsible for the master plan and architecture. Spectrum Group, of which Dialectica is a part, helped with the structural design, soil studies, insolation and the “wind blowing” factor, which played a role in the jury’s choice of this project. It takes into account the main “challenges” of the city: icy winds, monotonous buildings and lack of public spaces.

Against the wind

One of the significant factors that influenced the layout of the neighborhood was the wind, which affects the residents of Monchegorsk. Because of this, the authors immediately turned to perimeter development and placed a kindergarten and a school in the center of the future micro-district, thus creating an area protected from the wind and endowed with urban significance: the school is planned to be used as a community center during extracurricular hours, and events for children and adults will be held there.

Luckily, there are no through streets where the wind could pick up any serious speed, the air flows are crushed by the frontal buildings of the outer perimeter, while inside they are separated and regulated by stylobates. On the other hand, it was necessary not only to protect the interior spaces from the wind, but also to ensure constant ventilation: since, as we remember, the ecological situation in the city is still far from ideal, it is important to avoid stagnation of industrial emissions. For ventilation, air corridors were provided, which are planned to be formed with the help of natural terrain, minor architectural objects, and green spaces.

After all the preliminary calculations – and this is where it gets interesting – modern technologies were involved: Spectrum Group “blew” the layout options in the Ansys software environment until it calmed down the air flows in all pedestrian spaces and courtyards. The calculations also involved the insolation factor – the architects started by making a “shadow map” of the city, which helped them to determine the best location of residential facades and playgrounds; parking lots and covered pavilions were also placed on shaded areas.

Our task was to offer a comfortable and compact urban environment, designed for pedestrian accessibility of services and social infrastructure, with a highly developed system of public spaces, and with a recognizable urban silhouette and eye-catching highlights. At the same time, we had to take into account the specifics of the climate and environmental situation, minimize the negative aspects, and enhance the positive ones. This approach will create a synergetic effect that can attract potential new residents and reduce population decline. Calculations to increase the economic potential of territories are one of the important skills of the consortium’s specialists.

I think our solution could become an example of developing Arctic single-industry towns according to the methodology of reducing the impact of harsh climatic conditions – and at the same time designing a modern image.


The architects also took into account the landscape features, height differences and existing surroundings – primarily the Umka sports complex to the north of the site and the Magnit supermarket to the south.

Architectural and urban planning concept of a micro-district in Monchegorsk. Axonometry of the project proposal
Copyright: © NIIPI Gradplan of Moscow, Dialectica Spectrum, Atelier PRO


Architectural and urban planning concept of a micro-district in Monchegorsk. Scheme of transportation service of the territory
Copyright: © NIIPI Gradplan of Moscow, Dialectica Spectrum, Atelier PRO


The houses are grouped into several residential clusters that form the outer contour of streets, large courtyards and a system of internal public spaces – streets, little parks, sports facilities, and playgrounds. The heart of the neighborhood is a spacious central square next to the school and kindergarten, a place for meetings and celebrations, as well as lessons or exercising in the fresh air. Another preschool facility is “hiding” in the stylobate of the corner block, the center of which is “carved out” to host a playground. An amphitheater staircase leads here, oriented towards the main square.

Architectural and urban planning concept of a micro-district in Monchegorsk.
Copyright: © NIIPI Gradplan of Moscow, Dialectica Spectrum, Atelier PRO


Architectural and urban planning concept of a micro-district in Monchegorsk.
Copyright: © NIIPI Gradplan of Moscow, Dialectica Spectrum, Atelier PRO


Against the grayness

Another peculiarity of Monchegorsk is the monotonous uniformity of the existing buildings, which is further aggravated by overcast weather and polar night. For this reason, the authors turned to the idea of colored sections of houses: by changing the height, configuration and finish of the facades, as well as the coloristic solution, it is possible to mitigate the perceived scale and come to the desired diversity of the environment. In another place, the “gingerbread-like” quality of some angles might seem excessive, but the garishness is offset here by monochrome inclusions and the structure common to all the neighborhoods: there is a first floor gallery, there are variations for the “body” of the building, and there is an increased height of the last floor with a usually pitched roof. And in general, in Monchegorsk, where gray prevails on the streets, the eye wants to rest on something colorful.

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    Architectural and urban planning concept of a micro-district in Monchegorsk.
    Copyright: © NIIPI Gradplan of Moscow, Dialectica Spectrum, Atelier PRO
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    Architectural and urban planning concept of a micro-district in Monchegorsk.
    Copyright: © NIIPI Gradplan of Moscow, Dialectica Spectrum, Atelier PRO
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    Architectural and urban planning concept of a micro-district in Monchegorsk.
    Copyright: © NIIPI Gradplan of Moscow, Dialectica Spectrum, Atelier PRO
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    Architectural and urban planning concept of a micro-district in Monchegorsk.
    Copyright: © NIIPI Gradplan of Moscow, Dialectica Spectrum, Atelier PRO


Each residential cluster – there are seven of them in total – received its own reception and name. For example, “City of Five Lakes” is characterized by houses with pitched roofs and two-level courtyard space; “Russian North” has predominantly light-colored finishes with wooden accents.

“Fishermen’s Village” and “Scandinavia” are not enclosed in a block, but consist of separate sections resting on a stylobate – each has a color of its own; the houses are placed at bigger intervals, as they are closer to green areas.

When selecting shades, the architects were inspired by the nature of the Kola Peninsula: combinations of warm shades of forests, moss, dried grass and cold shades of rocks and lakes, emphasizing the contrast of warm and cold.

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    Architectural and urban planning concept of a micro-district in Monchegorsk.
    Copyright: © NIIPI Gradplan of Moscow, Dialectica Spectrum, Atelier PRO
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    Architectural and urban planning concept of a micro-district in Monchegorsk. Variability of architectural solution
    Copyright: © NIIPI Gradplan of Moscow, Dialectica Spectrum, Atelier PRO
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    Architectural and urban planning concept of a micro-district in Monchegorsk. Variability of architectural solutions
    Copyright: © NIIPI Gradplan of Moscow, Dialectica Spectrum, Atelier PRO
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    Architectural and urban planning concept of a micro-district in Monchegorsk. Functional levels
    Copyright: © NIIPI Gradplan of Moscow, Dialectica Spectrum, Atelier PRO
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    Architectural and urban planning concept of a micro-district in Monchegorsk. Fundamental solutions
    Copyright: © NIIPI Gradplan of Moscow, Dialectica Spectrum, Atelier PRO
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    Architectural and urban planning concept of a micro-district in Monchegorsk. Differentiation of housing types
    Copyright: © NIIPI Gradplan of Moscow, Dialectica Spectrum, Atelier PRO


The diversity of houses will also affect the apartment layouts. The climate does not allow adding front gardens to the first floors, but the upper floors have higher ceilings and mezzanine apartments. In total, there will be about 2000 apartments in the new microdistrict, the range of their typology proposed in the project is designed for different social groups.

Against boredom

Not only in Monchegorsk, but also in any small town, it can be difficult to find an alternative to going to the store as a leisure activity, so it was important to offer people different scenarios. As already mentioned, an ice arena is planned on the territory of the neighborhood, the Umka Sports and Recreation Center with a swimming pool is also located nearby, and the architects tried to satisfy other demands.

Architectural and urban planning concept of a micro-district in Monchegorsk. The basic section view of the first phase
Copyright: © NIIPI Gradplan of Moscow, Dialectica Spectrum, Atelier PRO


The entire area between the houses works as a public space: human-scale pedestrian shopping streets lead to a public garden or square. Commercial spaces are planned in the first floors: cafes, stores, pharmacies, beauty salons, bank branches, as well as a children’s medical center, co-working space, media center, social and sports clubs. Since all residents of the neighborhood will work at the same enterprise and most likely will have common interests, it was necessary to provide a place for informal, yet at the same time corporate communication.

The community center located in the stylobate of the residential cluster of the first stage of the City of Five Lakes became such a place. Its space is aimed at residents of the new district, but it will also be open to all residents of Monchegorsk. The community center is complemented by mini-zones for residents to socialize: somewhere they are located in the stylobates, and sometimes in the upper floors, the very ones with high ceilings.

Architectural and urban planning concept of a micro-district in Monchegorsk. Scenarios of territory development
Copyright: © NIIPI Gradplan of Moscow, Dialectica Spectrum, Atelier PRO


Improvement of the territory around the neighborhood will give the residents of the city an opportunity to take long walks, do sports and contemplate the discreet but expressive nature of the Polar region. In the north and east, where the houses are adjacent to water bodies, a natural park with observation platforms, approaches to the water and infrastructure for active recreation on the water is proposed, such as a kite station, which, thanks to the wind and snow cover, can operate all year round. The cultural and leisure center will be complemented by a garden with flowers of the far north and a pond that turns into a skating rink in winter. A bicycle path runs through the network of recreational spaces, and a cross-country ski trail appears in winter.

In addition to landscaping, as part of the competition's terms of reference, the team offered their thoughts on the direction of recreational development outside the design site, thus thinking through its connections with its surroundings.


Architectural and urban planning concept of a micro-district in Monchegorsk. Landscape and architectural organization of the territory
Copyright: © NIIPI Gradplan of Moscow, Dialectica Spectrum, Atelier PRO


20 December 2023

Headlines now
In Memory of Valery Kanyashin
On Friday, February 27, architect Valery Kanyashin passed away – co-founder of Ostozhenka Architects and the author of many significant buildings in Moscow. We publish a text by Anatoly Belov in memory of Valery Kanyashin.
Hypertext in Space
As part of the exhibition “What We Have We (Do Not) Keep”, Sergey Tchoban, the Museum of Architecture, and the CHART studio experiment with an eco-conscious approach to exhibition design, with thematic cross-references and even with publicistic reflections on the necessity of preserving modernism, the roots of contemporary architecture, and the birth of ideas. All of this makes the exhibition, with its light and transparent design, look quite innovative. The elements – both “material” and conceptual – are familiar, yet their combination is far from conventional.
The Outline of “Foundation”
In their competition proposal for the Fili transport hub, the consortium led by Alexey Ilyin proposed an “inhabited arch” – a form that is simple yet complex. The architects emphasize that even at the competition stage, the project’s feasibility was fully calculated, taking into account the minimal nighttime closures of Bagration Avenue. How was this achieved? With what functions? Let us take a closer look. In our view, the building would have suited the heroes of Isaac Asimov’s Foundation novels perfectly.
The Flying Horizontal
“A house in the spirit of Wright”, as architect Roman Leonidov describes it, pointing to his source of inspiration, was built on a challenging wedge-shaped site. To achieve a sense of intimacy and secure good views from the windows, the entire volume had to be shifted toward the far boundary, turning the house “back” to the neighboring mansions. The main façade demonstrates time-tested techniques often employed by the company: articulated horizontals, a weightless roofline, and a triad of materials – light plaster, dark slate, and warm wood.
Needles of Horizon Contemplation
The “House of Horizons”, designed by Kleinewelt Architekten in Krylatskoye, is carefully thought out at the stereometric level – from the logic of how the volumes interlock (and, conversely, how gaps are articulated between them) to the triangular balconies that give the building its striking, slightly bristling silhouette.
The Red Thread
A linear park project prepared by Alexey Ilyin studio for the improvement of a riverbank in one of the residential districts seeks to reconnect people with nature. Two levels of the embankment invite visitors to contemplate the landscape while at the same time protecting the riverbank from excessive human impact. The “aerial street” links functional zones and the opposite banks, creating new points of attraction along the way: balconies, bridges, and even a “grotto”.
Spindle and Thread
The concept of the Waver residential complex in Yekaterinburg draws inspiration from the past of the Parkovy district. In order to preserve the memory of the late-19th-century flax spinning mill once located here, the architectural company KPLN turns to the theme of textiles and weaving. The project’s main expressive device is a system of ribbons made of perforated weathering steel – a material that, in such volumes, has arguably not yet been used in Russian residential projects.
Woven Into Sokolniki
Over the past few years, high-rise residential construction in former industrial zones has become the main theme of Moscow architecture. Towers are springing up here and there – but the question is what kind of towers they are. The residential complex CODE Sokolniki, designed by Ostozhenka Architects, is a project where every detail has been taken care of. The authors are attentive to the history of the site, the continuity of the urban fabric, the skyline, and visual corridors. They also proposed a motif with the lyrical name “scarf”. We take a closer look at the volumetric composition and the large-scale décor “woven”, in this case, out of terraces and balconies.
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The studio of Stepan Liphart, an architect known for his distinctive signature style and one-off projects, now has a partner. Yuri Khitrov, a specialist with a broad range of competencies, will take on the part of the work that distracts one from creativity but drives the business forward. One of the aims of this partnership is to improve the urban environment through dialogue with clients and officials. We spoke with both sides about their ambitions, the firm’s development strategy, shared values, and the need for pragmatism. And why the studio is called “Liphart & Gerth” only became clear at the very end of the interview.
The Copper Mirror
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“Strangers” in the City
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What we ended up having was an extremely unusual conversation with Dmitry Ostroumov. Why? At the very least, because he is not just an architect specializing in the construction of Orthodox churches. And not just – which is an extreme rarity – a proponent of developing contemporary stylistics within this still highly conservative field. Dmitry Ostroumov is a Master of Theology. So in addition to the history and specifics of the company, we speak about the very concept of the temple, about canon and tradition, about the living and the eternal, and even about the Russian Logos.
A Glazed Figurine
In searching for an image for a residential building near the Novodevichy Convent, GAFA architects turned to their own perception of the place: it evoked associations with antiquity, plein-air painting, and vintage artifacts. The two towers will be entirely clad in volumetric glazed ceramic – at present, there are no other buildings like this in Russia. The complex will also stand out thanks to its metabolic bay-window cells, streamlined surfaces, a ceremonial “hotel-style” driveway, and a lobby overlooking a lush garden.
A Knight’s Move via the Cour d’Honneur
Intercolumnium Architects presented to the City Planning Council a residential complex project that is set to replace the Aquatoria business center on Vyborgskaya Embankment. Experts praised the overall quality of the work, but expressed reservations about the three cour d’honneurs and suggested softening the contrast between the facades facing the embankment and the Kantemirovsky Bridge.
A Small Country
Mezonproekt is developing a long-term master plan for the MEPhI campus in Obninsk. Over the next ten years, an enclave territory of about 100 hectares, located in a forest on the northern edge of the city, is set to transform into a modern center for the development of the nuclear energy sector. The plan envisions attracting international students and specialists, as well as comprehensive territorial development: both through the contemporary realization of “frozen” plans from the 1980s and through the introduction of new trends – public spaces, an aquapark, a food court, a school, and even a nuclear medicine center. Public and sports facilities are intended to be accessible to city residents as well, and the campus is to be physically and functionally connected to Obninsk.
Pearl Divers
GAFA has designed an apartment complex for Derbent intended to switch people from a work mode to a resort mindset – and to give the surrounding area a much-needed jolt. The building offers two distinct faces: restrained and laconic on the city side, and a lushly ornate façade facing the sea. At the heart of the complex, a hidden pearl lies – an open-air pool with an arch, offering views of a starry sky, and providing direct access to the beach.
A Satellite Island
The Genplan Institute of Moscow has prepared a master plan for the development of the Sarpinsky and Golodny island system, located within the administrative boundaries of Volgograd and considered among the largest river islands in Russia. By 2045, the plan envisions the implementation of 15 large-scale investment projects, including sports and educational clusters, a congress center with a “Volgonarium”, a film production cluster, and twenty-one theme parks. We explain which engineering, environmental, and transportation challenges must be addressed to turn this vision into reality. The master plan solutions have already been approved and incorporated into the city’s general development plan.
The Amber Gate
The Amber City residential complex is one of the redevelopment projects in the former industrial area located beyond Moscow’s Third Ring Road near Begovaya metro station. Alexey Ilyin’s studio proposed an original master plan that transformed two clusters of towers into ceremonial propylaea, gave the complex a recognizable silhouette, and established visual connections with new high-rise developments on both right and left – thus integrating it into the scale of the growing metropolis. It is also marked by its own futuristic stylistic language, based on a reinterpreted streamline aesthetic.
A Theater Triangle
The architectural company “Chetvertoe Izmerenie” (“Fourth Dimension”) has developed the design for a new stage of the Magnitogorsk Musical Theater, rethinking not only theater architecture but also the role of the theater in the contemporary city.
Aleksei Ilyin: “I approach every task with genuine interest”
Aleksei Ilyin has been working on major urban projects for more than 30 years. He has all the necessary skills for high-rise construction in Moscow – yet he believes it’s essential to maintain variety in the typologies and scales represented in his portfolio. He is passionate about drawing – but only from life, and also in the process of working on a project. We talk about the structure and optimal size of an office, about his past and current projects, large and small tasks, and about creative priorities.
​A Golden Sunbeam
A compact brick-and-metal building in the growing Shukhov Park in Vyksa seems to absorb sunlight, transform it into yellow accents inside, and in the evening “give it back” as a warm golden glow streaming from its windows. It is, frankly, a very attractive building: both material and lightweight at the same time, with lightness inside and materiality outside. Its form is shaped by function – laconic, yet far from simple. Let’s take a closer look.
Architecton Awards
In 2025, the jury of the Architecton festival reviewed the finalist projects through live, open presentations held right in the exhibition hall – a rather engaging performance, and something rarely seen among Russian awards. It would be great if “Zodchestvo” adopted this format. Below, we present all the winning projects, including four special nominations.
Garden of Knowledge
UNK architects and UNK design created the interiors of the Letovo Junior campus, working together with NF Studio, which was responsible for developing the educational technology that takes into account the needs and perception of younger and middle school children.
The Silver Skates
The STONE Kaluzhskaya office quarter is accompanied by two residential towers, making the complex – for it is indeed a single ensemble – well balanced in functional terms. The architects at Kleinewelt gave the residential buildings a silvery finish to match the office blocks. How they are similar, how they differ, and what “Silver Skates” has to do with it – we explore in this article.
On the Dynastic Trail
The houses and townhouses of the “Tsarskaya Tropа” (“Czar’s Trail”) complex are being built in the village of Gaspra in Crimea – to the west and east of the palaces of the former grand-ducal residence “Ai-Todor”. One of the main challenges for the architects at KPLN, who developed the project, was to respond appropriately to this significant neighboring heritage. How this influenced the massing, the façades, and the way the authors work with the terrain is explored in our article.
A New Path
The main feature of the Yar Park project, designed by Sergey Skuratov for Kazan, is that it is organized along the “spine” of a multifunctional mall with an impressive multi-height atrium space in its middle. The entire site, both on the city side and the Kazanka River embankment, is open to the public. The complex is intended not to become “yet another fenced enclave” but, as urban planners say, a “polycenter” – a new point of attraction for the whole of Kazan, especially its northern part, made up of residential districts that until now have lacked such a vibrant public space. It represents a new urban planning approach to a high-density mixed-use development situated in the city center – in a sense, an “anti-quarter”. Even Moscow, one might say, doesn’t yet have anything quite like it. Well, lucky Kazan!
Beneath the Azure Sky
A depository designed by Studio 44 will soon be built in Kenozersky National Park to preserve and display the so-called “heavens” – ceiling structures characteristic of wooden churches in the Russian North, painted with biblical scenes. For each of these “heavens”, the architects created a volume corresponding in scale and dimensions to the original church interior. The result is a honeycomb-like composition, with modules derived directly from the historic monuments themselves, allowing visitors to view the icons from the historically accurate angle – from below, looking upward. How exactly this works is the subject of our story.
​The Power of Lines
The building at the very beginning of New Arbat is the result of long deliberations over how to replace the former House of Communication. Contemporary, dynamic, and even somewhat zoomorphic in character, it is structured around a large diagonal grid. The building has become a striking accent both in the perspective of the former Kalinin Avenue and in the panorama of Arbat Square. Yet, unfortunately, the original concept was not fully realized. In 2020, the Moscow ArchCouncil approved a design featuring an exoskeleton – an external load-bearing structure, which eventually turned into a purely decorative element. Still, the power of the supergraphic “holds” the building, giving it the qualities of a new urban landmark with iconic potential. How this concept took shape, what unexpected associations might underlie the grid’s form, and why the exoskeleton was never built – all this is explored in our article.