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Arma: Uncovering the Territory

In this article, we give a detailed coverage of what was done in Moscow’s new creative cluster “Arma” – and how.

08 April 2016
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The active phase of turning the “Arma” factory – located in the vicinity of the Kursky railway station – into a “creative cluster” started in 2011, although the remodeling work and the organization process started with the appearance of the first office renters as early as in the 2000’s. Currently, the territory is open to public – one can go through it from the pedestrian underpass leading to the Kurskaya metro station and towards the Vinzavod cultural center, the Mruzovsky alley and the Yauza River. The developer company “Bolshoi Gorod” (“Big City”) also organized and presented the city government on the City Day 2015 with the pedestrian part of the Nizhny Susalny side-street – a street that is daily walked by hundreds if not thousands people headed to and from the metro station. “Arma” was transformed a little bit later than its neighbors “Vinzavod” and “Artplay” but it naturally joined their venerable company making what contribution it can to the “art” reputation of the area lying behind the Kursky railway station. In addition to the four “gas holder” units, its territory includes nine remodeled buildings with shops and cafes at their bottom floors and office premises for rent at the top ones. Specifically, Boris Levyant’s ABD architects recently moved to this place. As a finished project of remodeling an industrial park into an art cluster, Arma is participating in CRE Awards-2016. Although one cannot help noticing that part of its territory closer to the edges is still to be completed and organized – for example, the entrance portals devised by the architects have not been built yet – the nucleus of the cluster is alive and one can safely say that the renovation work is all but complete here.

Renovation of the buildings and organization of the territory was done by the architectural company “AM Sergey Kiselev and Partners”, specifically by Vladimir Labutin and Aleksey Medvedev. “Initially, we were invited as a consultant on remodeling the gas holder units – shares the head of the company Igor Schwartzman – our input into their renovation was minimal; we only helped with planning and engineering issues. Then the clients invited us to work on another building, then on another, and so on. Ultimately, the master plan for developing this territory, the improvements, the projects of renovating the buildings and the interior designs of a few public zones were all done by our company. Renovation of industrial parks has long since become one of our specialties. Together with “Bolshoi Gorod”, we did a business center on the Polkovaya Street, and renovation of the baking factory on the Krasnoselskaya Street. “Arma” is by far the largest and most important project of all of these”.

Arma: the passage that opens up to the right of the metro tunnel exit. Photograph © Julia Tarabarina, 2016
Arma: the pedestrian promenade between Buildings 3 and 4 © Sergey Kiselev and Partners. Photograph © Julia Tarabarina, 2016

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Initially known as Boukier Plant, the Moscow gas plant was built back 1860, and until 1931 it predominantly supplied to the street lights that later gave way to Moscow’s kitchens. What survived from the original plant are two buildings stretching along the Nizhny Susalny side-street – in fact, they have the numbers of Building 1 and Building 2 – the biggest pride of the current owners, the gas holders, thick towers for storing gas, that are different from their European counterparts, for example, the ones in Vienna, in the fact that in order to facilitate the feed of the gas and to make the process safer the floors in these towers were lowered below the ground level. Known for the fact that it allowed the city government of those days to cut in half the costs of maintaining the street lights, this plant was built by the famous architects of that time: the gas holders were handled by Moscow’s chief architect Rudolf Bengart – a mathematician, an engineer, and a devotee of the economical “brickwork style”, he came up with a special system of unsupported floor structures for the gas cisterns. The buildings with the workers’ apartments – the ones that are there on the Susalny side-street – were designed by Fyodor Dmitriev, the professor of the Imperial Technical School (now the Moscow State Technical University), and the author of the book about what the workers’ residences must be like. Then, in 1911, the plant was transferred into the city’s ownership, it was rebuilt and refurbished: the structures of the gas holders’ roofs were redesigned, as the historians believe, by another great Russian engineer, Vladimir Shukhov, while the plant itself, or, rather, its south wing, was taken apart and replaced with new buildings that stood independently in a stitching order, parallel to the Nizhny Susalny side-street, by the civil engineer Alexander Roop. 

Moscow Gas Plant: location plan 1868. Provided by "Bolshoi Gorod"


Moscow Gas Plant: location plan after the 1912 reconstruction. Provided by "Bolshoi Gorod"


The plant increased its capacity and then made a great input into the WWI, manufacturing all sorts of ammunition from gas to hand grenades. It started losing its ground after 1931: at that time, Moscow built a new plant called “Neftegaz”, and this plant got a popular name of the “old” one, taking the role not so much of production as distribution. In 1946 the nation’s capital was plugged in to the Saratov gas pipeline, and the production of artificial gas stopped altogether. In the 1971 master plan the old gas plan was listed as a hazardous facility and was to be removed beyond the confines of the city but in the 1990’s, renamed into “Arma”, it reinvented itself as manufacturing equipment until 2002, when, yet again renamed into “Gasservice” it moved to another place. The southern part of the territory was handed over to “Arma” and became the working subject of “Bolshoi Gorod” developers.

Arma: master plan. Project, 2013 © Sergey Kiselev and Partners


If we are to take a look at the plan of the territory we will see that the renovation mostly covered the south part of the former factory located between the historical axis of the plant’s territory and the Gorky railroad line. The axis has survived; here lie the main driveway and the main pedestrian trail but all the renovated buildings are grouped to the right of the main entrance. To the left of the entrance, renovation work is only just beginning. So, practically, all the buildings in the southern part of the territory are now complete. The principles of this renovation can be described in the following nutshell. All the Soviet-era additions have been removed. The foundations have been reinforced. The pitches of the roofs got mansard windows and step-like terraces at an occasional spot.

Retort and equipment units, photograph 2015. Provided by "Bolshoi Gorod"


Buildings 3 and 4. One can see the buildups that resonate with the roofs from the "plant" days © Sergey Kiselev and Partners. Photograph © Julia Tarabarina, 2016


Building 5a. © Sergey Kiselev and Partners. Photograph © Julia Tarabarina, 2016


Figuratively speaking, one can think about it like this: the old factory buildings have been saturated with a layer of mercury, somewhere silvery, and somewhere glittering and reflecting the historical brickwork. This historical brickwork has been repaired and covered with a protective varnish. “We consider ourselves to be coauthors of Berngart, Dmitriev, and Roop” - says the author of the reconstruction projects of the historical buildings, Vladimir Labutin.

Arma: the joint between Building 3 (right) and the modern addition of Building 3a (left) © Sergey Kiselev and Partners. Photograph © Julia Tarabarina, 2016


Arma: wall of the modern part, Building 3a © Sergey Kiselev and Partners. Photograph © Julia Tarabarina, 2016


Arma: the marquee over the entrance, Building 5 © Sergey Kiselev and Partners. Photograph © Julia Tarabarina


Arma: fragment of the historical wall, Building 3 © Sergey Kiselev and Partners. Photograph © Julia Tarabarina, 2016


Arma: Building 19 © Sergey Kiselev and Partners. Photograph © Julia Tarabarina, 2016


Arma: the driving entrance from checkpoint 3. On the left: the gas holders. On the right: Building 19 © Sergey Kiselev and Partners. Photograph © Julia Tarabarina, 2016
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Buildings 1, 2

where:Russia, Moscow
date2012 — 2014 / 2014 — 2016
function:Office & Civic / Office block
studio:
Sergey Kisselev & Partners
http://www.sk-p.ru/
architect:Vladimir Labutin
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Building 3

where:Russia, Moscow
date2011 — 2013 / 2013 — 2015
function:Office & Civic / Office block
studio:
Sergey Kisselev & Partners
http://www.sk-p.ru/
architect:Vladimir Labutin
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Buildings 4, 5, 5a

where:Russia, Moscow
date2011 — 2013 / 2014
function:Office & Civic / Office block
studio:
Sergey Kisselev & Partners
http://www.sk-p.ru/
architect:Vladimir Labutin
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Building 6

where:Russia, Moscow
date2011 — 2013 / 2013 — 2015
function:Office & Civic / Office block
studio:
Sergey Kisselev & Partners
http://www.sk-p.ru/
architect:Vladimir Labutin
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Building 7 (boiler)

where:Russia, Moscow
date2012 / 2012 — 2014
function:Engineering and Industrial /
studio:
Sergey Kisselev & Partners
http://www.sk-p.ru/
architect:Alexey Medvedev
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Building 13

where:Russia, Moscow
date2012 — 2014 / 2014 — 2015
function:Office & Civic / Office building
studio:
Sergey Kisselev & Partners
http://www.sk-p.ru/
architect:Alexey Medvedev
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Building 19

where:Russia, Moscow
date2011 — 2012 / 2012 — 2013
function:Office & Civic / Office building
studio:
Sergey Kisselev & Partners
http://www.sk-p.ru/
architect:Alexey Medvedev
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08 April 2016

Headlines now
Living in the Architecture of One’s Own Making
Do architects design houses for themselves? You bet! In this article, we are examining a new book by TATLIN publishing house. This book – unprecedented for Russia – features 52 private homes designed and built by contemporary architects for themselves. It includes houses that are famous, even iconic, as well as lesser-known ones; large and small, stylish and eccentric. To some extent, the book reflects the history of Russian architecture over the past 30 years.
A City Block Isoline
Another competition project for a residential complex on the banks of the Volga in Nizhny Novgorod has been prepared by Studio 44. A team of architects led by Ivan Kozhin concluded that using a regular block layout in such a location would be inappropriate and developed a “custom design” approach: a chain of parceled multi-section buildings stretching along the entire embankment. Let’s explore the features and advantages of this unconventional method.
Competition: The Price of Creativity?
Any day now, we’re expecting the results of a competition held by the “Samolet” development group for a plot in Kommunarka. In the meantime, we share the impressions of Editor-in-Chief Julia Tarabarina, who managed to conduct a public talk. Though technically focused on the interaction between developers and architects, the public talk turned into a discussion about the pros and cons of architectural competitions.
Terraced Design
The “River Park” residential complex has confidently and securely shaped the Nagatinsky Backwater shoreline. Featuring a public embankment, elevated courtyards connected by pedestrian bridges, and brick façades, the development invites exploration of its nuanced response to the surrounding context, as well as hints of the architects’ megalithic design thinking.
A Kremlin’s Core and Meteorite Fragments
We continue our coverage of the competition projects for the residential district that the development company GloraX plans to build along the embankment of the Rowing Channel in Nizhny Novgorod. ASADOV Architects approached the concept through a deep dive into local identity, using storytelling to pinpoint a central idea for the design: the master plan and composition are imagined as if a meteorite had struck a “proto-Kremlin”. Sounds weird? Find more details below!
The Volga Regatta
GloraX plans to develop a residential complex spanning 14 hectares along the Volga River in Nizhny Novgorod. The winning design in a closed-door competition, created by GORA Architects, features housing typologies ranging from townhouses to terraced high-rise slabs, a balance of functions, diverse ways of engaging with the water, and even a dedicated island (no less!) for the city residents.
A New Track
We took a thorough look at D_Station, a railcar repair depot dating back to 1906, recently reconstructed while preserving its century-old industrial structure, upon the project by Sergey Trukhanov and T+T Architects. Though work on the interiors – set to house restaurants and public spaces – is still underway, the building’s exterior already offers plenty to see. Visitors can explore the blend of old and new brickwork, appreciate the architect’s unique interpretation of ruin aesthetics, and enjoy the newly built pedestrian route that connects the Citydel Business Center’s arches to Kazakova Street.
Four Different Surveys
The “Explore the City” competition, organized this year by the Genplan Institute of Moscow, stands out as a pretty unconventional one for the architectural field but aligns perfectly well with the character of urban planning work. The winning project analyzed contemporary residential complexes, combining urban planning insights with a realtor’s perspective to propose a hybrid approach. Other entries explored public centers, motivations for car ownership, and housing vacancy rates. A fifth participant withdrew. Here’s a closer look at the four completed works.
Scheduled Evolution
ASADOV Architects unveiled the EvyCenter pavilion, a microcultural hub for fostering personal growth, organizing workshops, and doing gymnastics. Additionally, this pavilion serves as a prototype for a scalable country house, drawing inspiration from the “Loskutok” project, and constructed from CLT panels in a factory. This marks the beginning of a developer project initiated by the architectural firm (sic!), which is seeking partners to expand both small Evy settlements and even larger Evy cities, which are, according to Andrey Asadov, aimed at fostering the “evolutionary” development of the people who will inhabit them.
The Golden Crown
The concept for a dental clinic in Yekaterinburg, developed by CNTR Studio, revolves around the idea of a “mouth full of gold”: pristine white porcelain stoneware walls are complemented by matte brass details. To avoid an overly literal interpretation, the architects focused on the building’s proportions, skillfully navigating between sunlight requirements and fire safety regulations.
Flexibility and Integration
Not long ago, we covered the project for the fourth phase of the ÁLIA residential complex, designed by APEX. Now, we’ve been shown different fence concepts they developed to enclose the complex’s private courtyards, incorporating a variety of public functions. We believe that the sheer fact that the complex’s architects were involved in such a detail as fencing speaks volumes.
A Step Forward
The HIDE residential complex represents a major milestone for ADM architects and their leaders Andrey Romanov and Ekaterina Kuznetsova in their quest for a fresh high-rise aesthetic – one that is flexible and layered, capable of bringing vibrancy to mass and silhouette while shaping form. Over recent years, this approach has become ADM’s “signature style”, with the golden HIDE tower playing a pivotal role in its evolution. Here, we delve into the project’s story, explore the details of the complex’s design, and uncover its core essence.
Gold in the Sands
A new office for a transcontinental company specializing in resource extraction and processing has opened in Dubai. Designed by T+T Architects, masters of creating spaces that are contemporary, diverse, flexible, and original, this project exemplifies their expertise. On the executive floor, a massive brass-clad partition dominates, while layered textures of compressed earth create a contextually resonant backdrop.
Layers and Levels of Flight
This project goes way back – Reserve Union won this architectural competition at the end of 2011, and the building was completed in 2018, so it’s practically “archival”. However, despite being relatively unknown, the building can hardly be considered “dated” and remains a prime example of architectural expression, particularly in the headquarters genre. And it’s especially fitting for an aviation company office. In some ways, it resembles the Aeroflot headquarters at Sheremetyevo but with its own unique identity, following the signature style of Vladimir Plotkin. In this article, we take an in-depth look at the United Aircraft Corporation (UAC) headquarters in the Moscow agglomeration town of Zhukovsky, supplemented by recent photographs from Alexey Naroditsky – a shoot that became only recently possible due to the fact that improvements were finally made in the surrounding area.
Light and Shadow
In this article, we delve into the architectural design of the “Chaika” house by DNK ag architects, which was recently completed in 2023 as part of the collection of signature designs at ZILArt. As is well-known, all the buildings in this complex follow a design code, yet each one is distinct. This particular building stands out not only for its whiteness and minimalism but also for the refined use of a limited number of techniques that, together, create what can confidently be called synergy.
Casus Novae
A master plan was developed for a large residential area with a name of “DNS City”, but now that its implementation began, the plan has been arbitrarily reformatted and replaced with something that, while similar on the surface, is actually quite different. This is not the first time such a thing happens, but it’s always frustrating. With permission from the author, we are sharing Maria Elkina’s post.
Treasure Hunting
The GAFA bureau, in collaboration with Tegola and Arkhitail, organized an expedition to the island of Kilpola in Karelia as part of Moskomarkhitektura’s “Open City” festival. There, amidst moss and rocks, the students sought answers to questions like: what is the sacred, where does it dwell, and what sustains it? Assisting the participants in this quest were landscape engineer Evgeny Levin, artist Nicholas Roerich, a moose, and the lack of cellular connection. Here’s how the story unfolded.
Depths of the Earth, Streams of Water
In the Malaya Okhta district, the Akzent building, designed by Stepan Liphart, was constructed. It follows a classic tripartite structure, yet it’s what you might call “hand-drawn”: each façade is unique in its form and details, some of which aren’t immediately noticeable. In this article, we explore the context and, together with the architect, delve into how the form was developed.
Fir Tree Dynamics
The “Airports of Region” holding is planning to build an airport in Karachay-Cherkessia, aiming to make the Arkhyz and Dombay resorts more accessible to travelers. The project that won in an invitation-only competition, submitted by Sergey Nikeshkin’s KPLN, blends natural imagery inspired by the shape of a conifer seed, open-air waiting spaces, majestic large trees, and a green roof elevated on needle-like columns. The result is both nature-inspired and WOW.
​A Brick Shell
In the process of designing a clubhouse situated among pine trees in a prestigious suburban area near Moscow, the architectural firm “A.Len” did the façade design part. The combination of different types of brick and masonry correlates with the volumetric and plastique solutions, further enhanced by the inclusion of wood-painted fragments and metal “glazing”.
Word Forms
ATRIUM architects love ambitious challenges, and for the firm’s thirtieth anniversary, they boldly play a game of words with an exhibition that dives deep into a self-created vocabulary. They immerse their projects – especially art installations – into this glossary, as if plunging into a current of their own. You feel as if you’re flowing through the veins of pure art, immersed in a universe of vertical cities, educational spaces – of which the architects are true masters – and the cultural codes of various locations. But what truly captivates is the bold statement that Vera Butko and Anton Nadtochy make, both through their work and this exhibition: architecture, above all, is art – the art of working with form and space.
Flexibility and Acuteness of Modernity
Luxurious, fluid, large “kokoshniks” and spiral barrel columns, as if made from colorful chewing gum: there seem to be no other mansion like this in Moscow, designed in the “Neo-Russian-Modern” style. And the “Teremok” on Malaya Kaluzhskaya, previously somewhat obscure, has “come alive with new colors” and gained visibility after its restoration for the office of the “architectural ecosystem” as the architects love to call themselves. It’s evident that Julius Borisov and the architects at UNK put their hearts into finding this new office and bringing it up to date. Let’s delve into the paradoxes of this mansion’s history and its plasticity. Spoiler: two versions of modernity meet here, both balancing on the razor’s edge of “what’s current”.
Yuri Vissarionov: “A modular house does not belong to the land”
It belongs to space, or to the air... It turns out that 3D printing is more effective when combined with a modular approach: the house is built in a workshop and then adapted to the site, including on uneven terrain. Yuri Vissarionov shares his latest experience in designing tourist complexes, both in central Russia and in the south. These include houseboats, homes printed from lightweight concrete using a 3D printer, and, of course, frame houses.
​Moscow’s First
“The quality of education largely depends on the quality of the educational environment”. This principle of the last decade has been realized by Sergey Skuratov in the project for the First Moscow Gymnasium on Rostovskaya Embankment in the Khamovniki district. The building seamlessly integrates into the complex urban landscape, responding both to the pedestrian flow of the city and the quiet alleyways. It skillfully takes advantage of the height differences and aligns with modern trends in educational space design. Let’s take a closer look.
Looking at the Water
The site of Villa Sonata stretches from the road to the water’s edge, offering its own shoreline, pier, and a picturesque river panorama. To reveal these sweeping views, Roman Leonidov “cut” the façade diagonally parallel to the river, thus getting two main axes for the house and, consequently, “two heads”. The internal core – two double-height spaces, a living room and a conservatory, with a “bridge” above them – makes the house both “transparent” and filled with light.
The White Wing
Well, it’s not exactly white. It’s more of a beige, white-stone structure that plays with the color of limestone – smoother surfaces are lighter, while rougher ones are darker. This wing unites various elements: it absorbs and interprets the surrounding themes. It responds to everything, yet maintains a cohesive expression – a challenging task! – while also incorporating recognizable features of its own, such as the dynamic cuts at the bottom, top, and middle.
Urban Dunes
The XSA Ramps team designed and built a three-part sports hub for a park in Rostov-on-Don, welcoming people of all ages and fitness levels. The skate plaza, pump track, and playground are all meticulously crafted with details that attract a diverse range of visitors. The technical execution of the shapes and slopes transforms this space into a kind of sculptural composition.
Proportional Growth
The project for the fourth phase of the ÁLIA residential area has been announced. The buildings are situated on an elongated plot – almost a “ray” that shoots out from the center of the area towards the river. Their layout reflects both a response to Moscow’s architectural preferences over the past 15 years, shifting “from blocks to towers”, and an interpretation of the neighboring business park designed by SOM. Additionally, the best apartments here are not located at the very top but closer to the middle, forming a glowing “waistline”.
The “Staircase” Building
In designing the “Details” residential complex in New Moscow, Rais Baishev spiced up the now-popular Moscow theme of a “courtyard” building with an idea drawn from the surrealist drawings by Maurits Escher. He envisioned the stepped silhouettes and descending slopes as a metaphysical mega-staircase, creating a key void within the courtyard that gave the project an internal “spine”. This concept is felt both in the building’s silhouette and on its façades.
Projection of the Quarter
No one doubted that the building that Vladimir Plotkin designed as part of the “Garden Quarters” would be the most modernist of all. And it turned out just that way: while adhering to the common design code, the building successfully combines brick and white stone, rhythmically responding to the neighboring building designed by Ostozhenka, yet tactfully and persistently making a few statements of its own. This includes the projection of the ideal urban development composition “14–9–6”, which can be found right next door, mathematical calculations, including those for various types of terraces (and perhaps the only reminder of the Soviet past of the Kauchuk rubber factory!), and the white “cross-stitch” pattern of the façade grid.