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From Solntsevo to Peredelkino

The judging panel announced the names of the ten finalists of the contest for the best architectural concept/proposal for the "Novoperedelkino" and "Solntsevo" metro stations of the "yellow" line of Moscow Metro.

01 September 2014
Contest Results
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The right to design each of the stations is claimed by five architectural teams. The names of the end winners will be announced in November 2014. 

"Solntsevo" station: music of the spheres


"Solntsevo" metro station. Location and plan of the exits. Image courtesy by the contest organizers.

The bright place-name (Solntsevo, "Town of the Sun" - translator's note) charmed literally all - at least all the finalists. In each of the projects, the main part is played by the sunlight - all the contestants peppered their proposals with the solar disks and glittering stars. Indeed: we do not always get the best weather around here, and even a hint at a sunny day is highly valued. 
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NEFA ARCHITECTS [NEFARESEARCH]
(Moscow, Russia)

The punctured walls of the entrance lobbies whose proportions remind us of the classic Moscow garages (only larger) - are meant to gather the sunlight together in a host of rays inside. Streaming from above, the rays of light penetrate even underground (figuratively, though) where the specs of light are imitated by the round lamps. The navigating light will be executed in the form of a glowing stripe in the semitransparent artificial stone. 


Project of "Solntsevo" station © NEFA ARCHITECTS [NEFARESEARCH]


Project of "Solntsevo" station © NEFA ARCHITECTS [NEFARESEARCH]


Project of "Solntsevo" station © NEFA ARCHITECTS [NEFARESEARCH]


Project of "Solntsevo" station © NEFA ARCHITECTS [NEFARESEARCH]
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Rhizome Group
(Saint Petersburg, Russia)

The "sunny" name of the metro station prompted the authors to use predominantly bright colors, and only after that - the "solar disks". The vertical surfaces are faced with ceramic tiles of yellow and white colors, the paving pattern of the tiles made different at different places to liven up the atmosphere and create a more dynamic feel. The lighting consists of two lines of large "solar disks" hanging down from the ceiling. The central part of the platform is accentuated by a broad curvilinear band where various pieces of furniture can be placed that can not only be sat upon but also leaned on to. The authors also propose to pave the space between the pavilions with bright-colored tiles. 


Project of "Solntsevo" station © Rhizome Group


Project of "Solntsevo" station © Rhizome Group


Project of "Solntsevo" station © Rhizome Group
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Wall
(Moscow, Russia)

Astronomy again: the station looks like planetarium that demonstrates a shooting star shower and the motion of heavenly bodies. In front of the station entrance, there is an art object that shows the trajectories of the planets of the solar system. The walls of the underpasses between the above-ground and underground parts are executed from opaque glass, one of the walls "bending" and forming a long bench. The platform is equipped with a wall with sliding doors matching the doors of the train cars (a solution familiar to many people by some train stations in Saint Petersburg). The glowing stripes on the walls looking like a snapshot of a starry sky in motion enhance the effect and make the passengers feel as if they are heavenly bodies tearing through space. 


Project of "Solntsevo" station © Wall


Project of "Solntsevo" station © Wall


Project of "Solntsevo" station © Wall


Project of "Solntsevo" station © Wall
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Anton Barklyansky
(Moscow, Russia)

In this project, the station looks like a cave from some computer game. The pillars look like stylized stalactites or like video footage of giant streams of white paint splashed onto a blue surface put on pause and then turned upside down. The result is a hall in which each of the pylons ends in a curvilinear "umbrella" awning that, due to their shape that is not quite regular, look as if they were chaotically placed. The umbrella awnings are to be found not only at the station - softening the borders between the above-ground and underground they also adorn the territory of the adjacent park. 


Project of "Solntsevo" station © Anton Barklyansky


Project of "Solntsevo" station © Anton Barklyansky


Project of "Solntsevo" station © Anton Barklyansky


Project of "Solntsevo" station © Anton Barklyansky
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Rosproject M
(Saint Petersburg, Russia)

Cylindrical supports: slender at the top, positioned at different angles, they echo Moscow's ash trees; almost brutal at the bottom, they bleed into the spots of light visually piercing the surface of the ceiling. The sunlight - yes, the project is all about the sun again, there is no getting away from the place-name - is scattered all over the ceiling in small disks looking like stars or just sunlight dapples. In the underpasses, the lamps are gathered into thin lines, while the entrance pavilions, transparent and slender-legged, will emit a cozy light in the evenings. One way or another, the sun here takes on some "underground" quality - it shines from down under, not the other way around. 


Project of "Solntsevo" station © Rosproject M


Project of "Solntsevo" station © Rosproject M


Project of "Solntsevo" station © Rosproject M


Project of "Solntsevo" station © Rosproject M

"Novoperedelkino" metro station

Since neither the place-name nor the surrounding scenery were suggestive of an obvious starting point for the authors, "Novoperedelkino" station got a multitude of different solutions, not united, as opposed to the lightened-up "Solntsevo", by some single theme. Rather, the architects meditated on the Russian identity in general portraying it as a concrete bunker standing amidst a deep forest, a mottled heraldic eagle, a multicolored ornamental fair, as well as a number of less "tell-tale" things - a set of acid colors or a white "kerchief" arrested in motion. 


"Novoperedelkino" metro station. Location and plan of the exits. Image courtesy by the contest organizers.
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FAS(t)
(Moscow, Russia)

The idea of the project: "underground" forest. The station is underground but, with the help of glowing stripes bearing the images of trees, the architects achieve the effect of an open-air metro station (such as many stations at the Light-Blue line of Moscow Metro, only at those stations it is the train that is exposed to the sky, and this project imitates a live forest at the edges of the station). Everything is real except for the trees, - [UPD: The authors recently specified that, no, the forest is also going to be real. What they plan to do is gradually lower, down to the level of the roadway, the "green" park-ways that separate the main highway from the other roads, and plant them with shrubs and small trees, thus creating the effect of a mixed forest and the natural relief. The whole thing is separated from the roadway by a giant stained glass"]. By contrast with the trees, the space of the station is very "brutalist", dark-concrete, with exposed communications, the heaviness of the man-made machinery accentuated by the ethereal aspect of the pastoral forest. The movie-like quality of the concrete bunker, so alien to Moscow Metro, and so customary to any western subway, gets an interesting spin, though: the rough texture of the wall is accentuated by the side light whose beams, when needed, tear the ceiling or draw us into the tunnels of the underpasses. 


Project of "Novoperedelkino" station © FAS(t)


Project of "Novoperedelkino" station © FAS(t)


Project of "Novoperedelkino" station © FAS(t)


Project of "Novoperedelkino" station © FAS(t)
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Gerber Architekten
(Dortmund, Germany)

The project is based on one single beautiful plastic theme: a white pleated fan, whose large folds look more like silk than paper (looking even more like Corian), serves as a sculptural curvilinear ceiling that stretches over the platform; just before the station entrance, it gathers itself into a large column (something like "Kurskaya" metro station), and then tears to the surface almost like a scarf of a pilot of the 1930's: a white scarf from the black underground. The fan/scarf will be backlit with eye-friendly daylight electric lamps. 


Project of "Novoperedelkino" station © Gerber Architekten


Project of "Novoperedelkino" station © Gerber Architekten


Project of "Novoperedelkino" station © Gerber Architekten


Project of "Novoperedelkino" station © Gerber Architekten
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Boris Voskoboinikov Studio [NEFARESEARCH]
(Moscow, Russia)

The simple parallelepiped of the entrance pavilion is executed from the material that looks like a punctured breadboard or a honeycomb. The project is brimming with color and optimism; the bright luminescent light that usually brings the passengers down will be changed with the joyous palette of green, orange, and lilac colors. The walls of the underpass turn into an active navigation and information panel. The signal lines on the platform and the lines on the transportation map will be executed as plains of the printed board. 


Project of "Novoperedelkino" station © Boris Voskoboinikov Studio [NEFARESEARCH]


Project of "Novoperedelkino" station © Boris Voskoboinikov Studio [NEFARESEARCH]


Project of "Novoperedelkino" station © Boris Voskoboinikov Studio [NEFARESEARCH]


Project of "Novoperedelkino" station © Boris Voskoboinikov Studio [NEFARESEARCH]

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Palast Architekts
(Riga, Latvia)

The authors decided to bring to "Novoperedelkino" the fame of the world's quietest subway station. In order to achieve that, they propose to cover the station's walls and ceiling with innovative acoustically treated panels that will not let the sound waves reflect from the walls and create their jarring echo. For this same purpose, they considerably increased the wall surface - it is corrugated and at some places is made from diamond-pointed rustication to unobtrusively form something Byzantine or maybe just Empire-magnificent and heraldic. The large stone grille of the entrance entrance pavilion consists of bas-relief windows that complete the picture. 


Project of "Novoperedelkino" station © Palast Architekts


Project of "Novoperedelkino" station © Palast Architekts


Project of "Novoperedelkino" station © Palast Architekts


Project of "Novoperedelkino" station © Palast Architekts
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Eugene Leonov
(Riga, Latvia)

This project is about the Ancient Russ: the motifs of the adornment of Moscow's palaces and chambers, the "grass" (still reminiscent of the Kholuy paintings or even of the Sochi trademark Olympic drawings) pillars that grow wider at the top as if to support some stone vaults. In actuality, these "vaults" are lightboxes equipped with RGB-LED (light-emitting diodes) that can change the color of the light during the city celebrations.


Project of "Novoperedelkino" station © Eugene Leonov


Project of "Novoperedelkino" station © Eugene Leonov


Project of "Novoperedelkino" station © Eugene Leonov


Project of "Novoperedelkino" station © Eugene Leonov
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Totally, over 600 projects were submitted for the contest, but only 96 were considered by the judging panel as answering all the contest specifications ("Novoperedelkino - 46, "Solntsevo" - 50). Out of these, 22 projects were from foreign participants: Slovenia, Netherlands, Germany, India, France, Bulgaria, Spain, Cyprus, Great Britain, Canada, and Italy. 

Judging Panel: 
  • Marat Khusnullin, deputy mayor of Moscow for town planning issues (president of the judging panel);
  • Andrew Bochkarev, chief of construction department of Moscow;
  • Andrew Gnezdilov, the main architect of Scientific Research and Design Institute of General Plan of Moscow;
  • Elena Gonzales, architectural reviewer, curator of exhibitions;
  • Erken Kagarov, art director of Artemy Lebedev Studio;
  • Olga Kosareva, co-founder of "Design-Lectorium"; 
  • Sergey Kuznetsov, chief architect of Moscow;
  • Konstantin Matveev, General director of JSC "Mosengproject";
  • Aleksey Muratov, partner of "Strelka" Studio;
  • Vladimir Plotkin, partner, founder, and chief architect of "Reserve" Studio;
  • Elena Solovieva, leader of NPO-38 "Protected Historical Zones" of Scientific Research and Design Institute of General Plan of Moscow;
  • Vasily Tsereteli, executive director of Moscow Museum of Modern Arts; 
  • Nikolai Shumakov, president of Moscow Architects Union, chief architect of Metrogiprotrans.
"Solntsevo" metro station. Location and plan of the exits. Image courtesy by the contest organizers.
Project of "Solntsevo" station © NEFA ARCHITECTS [NEFARESEARCH]
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Project of "Solntsevo" station © NEFA ARCHITECTS [NEFARESEARCH]
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Project of "Solntsevo" station © NEFA ARCHITECTS [NEFARESEARCH]
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Project of "Solntsevo" station © NEFA ARCHITECTS [NEFARESEARCH]
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Project of "Solntsevo" station © Rhizome Group
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Project of "Solntsevo" station © Rhizome Group
Project of "Solntsevo" station © Rhizome Group
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Project of "Solntsevo" station © Wall
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Project of "Solntsevo" station © Wall
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Project of "Solntsevo" station © Wall
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Project of "Solntsevo" station © Wall
Project of "Solntsevo" station © Anton Barklyansky
Project of "Solntsevo" station © Anton Barklyansky
Project of "Solntsevo" station © Anton Barklyansky
Project of "Solntsevo" station © Anton Barklyansky
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Project of "Solntsevo" station © Rosproject M
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Project of "Solntsevo" station © Rosproject M
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Project of "Solntsevo" station © Rosproject M
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Project of "Solntsevo" station © Rosproject M
"Novoperedelkino" metro station. Location and plan of the exits. Image courtesy by the contest organizers.
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Project of "Novoperedelkino" station © FAS(t)
Project of "Novoperedelkino" station © FAS(t)
Project of "Novoperedelkino" station © FAS(t)
Project of "Novoperedelkino" station © FAS(t)
Project of "Novoperedelkino" station © Gerber Architekten
Project of "Novoperedelkino" station © Gerber Architekten
Project of "Novoperedelkino" station © Gerber Architekten
Project of "Novoperedelkino" station © Gerber Architekten
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Project of "Novoperedelkino" station © Boris Voskoboinikov Studio [NEFARESEARCH]
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Project of "Novoperedelkino" station © Boris Voskoboinikov Studio [NEFARESEARCH]
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Project of "Novoperedelkino" station © Boris Voskoboinikov Studio [NEFARESEARCH]
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Project of "Novoperedelkino" station © Boris Voskoboinikov Studio [NEFARESEARCH]
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Project of "Novoperedelkino" station © Palast Architekts
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Project of "Novoperedelkino" station © Palast Architekts
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Project of "Novoperedelkino" station © Palast Architekts
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Project of "Novoperedelkino" station © Palast Architekts
Project of "Novoperedelkino" station © Eugene Leonov
Project of "Novoperedelkino" station © Eugene Leonov
Project of "Novoperedelkino" station © Eugene Leonov
Project of "Novoperedelkino" station © Eugene Leonov


01 September 2014

Headlines now
Inverted Fortress
This year, there has been no shortage of intriguing architectural ideas around the Omsk airport. The project developed by the architectural company KPLN appeals to Omsk’s history as a wooden fortress that it was back in the day, but transforms the concept of a fortress beyond recognition: it “shaves off” the conical ends of “wooden logs”, then enlarges them, and then flips them over. The result is a hypostyle – a forest of conical columns on point supports, with skylights on top.
The Paradox of the Temporary
The concept of the Russian pavilion for EXPO 2025 in Osaka, proposed by the Wowhaus architects, is the last of the six projects we gathered from the 2022 competition. It is again worth noting that the results of this competition were not finalized due to the cancellation of Russia’s participation in World Expo 2025. It should be mentioned that Wowhaus created three versions for this competition, but only one is being presented, and it can’t be said that this version is thoroughly developed – rather, it is done in the spirit of a “student assignment”. Nevertheless, the project is interesting in its paradoxical nature: the architects emphasized the temporary character of the pavilion, and in its bubble-like forms sought to reflect the paradoxes of space and time.
The Forum of Time
The competition project for the Russian Pavilion at EXPO 2025 in Osaka designed by Aleksey Orlov and Arena Project Institute consists of cones and conical funnels connected into a non-trivial composition, where one can feel the hand of architects who have worked extensively with stadiums and other sports facilities. It’s very interesting to delve into its logic, structurally built on the theme of clocks, hourglasses and even sundials. Additionally, the architects have turned the exhibition pavilion into a series of interconnected amphitheaters, which is also highly relevant for world exhibitions. We are reminding you that the competition results were never announced.
Mirrors Everywhere
The project by Sergey Nebotov, Anastasia Gritskova, and the architectural company “Novoe” was created for the Russian pavilion at EXPO 2025, but within the framework of another competition, which, as we learned, took place even earlier, in 2021. At that time, the competition theme was “digital twins”, and there was minimal time for work, so the project, according to the architect himself, was more of a “student assignment”. Nevertheless, this project is interesting for its plan bordering on similarity with Baroque projects and the emblem of the exhibition, as well as its diverse and comprehensive reflectiveness.
The Steppe Is Full of Beauty and Freedom
The goal of the exhibition “Dikoe Pole” (“Wild Field”) at the State Historical Museum was to move away from the archaeological listing of valuable items and to create an image of the steppe and nomads that was multidirectional and emotional – in other words, artistic. To achieve this goal, it was important to include works of contemporary art. One such work is the scenography of the exhibition space developed by CHART studio.
The Snowstorm Fish
The next project from the unfinished competition for the Russian Pavilion at EXPO 2025, which will be held in Osaka, Japan, is by Dashi Namdakov and Parsec Architects. The pavilion describes itself as an “architectural/sculptural” one, with its shape clearly reminiscent of abstract sculpture of the 1970s. It complements its program with a meditative hall named “Mendeleev’s Dreams”, and offers its visitors to slide from its roof at the end of the tour.
The Mirror of Your Soul
We continue to publish projects from the competition for the design of the Russian Pavilion at EXPO in Osaka 2025. We are reminding you that the results of the competition have not been announced, and hardly will ever be. The pavilion designed by ASADOV Architects combines a forest log cabin, the image of a hyper transition, and sculptures made of glowing threads – it focuses primarily on the scenography of the exhibition, which the pavilion builds sequentially like a string of impressions, dedicating it to the paradoxes of the Russian soul.
Part of the Ideal
In 2025, another World Expo will take place in Osaka, Japan, in which Russia will not participate. However, a competition for the Russian pavilion was indeed held, with six projects participating. The results were never announced as Russia’s participation was canceled; the competition has no winners. Nevertheless, Expo pavilion projects are typically designed for a bold and interesting architectural statement, so we’ve gathered all the six projects and will be publishing articles about them in random order. The first one is the project by Vladimir Plotkin and Reserve Union, which is distinguished by the clarity of its stereometric shape, the boldness of its structure, and the multiplicity of possible interpretations.
The Fortress by the River
ASADOV Architects have developed a concept for a new residential district in the center of Kemerovo. To combat the harsh climate and monotonous everyday life, the architects proposed a block type of development with dominant towers, good insolation, facades detailed at eye level, and event programming.
In the Rhombus Grid
Construction has begun on the building of the OMK (United Metallurgical Company) Corporate University in Nizhny Novgorod’s town of Vyksa, designed by Ostozhenka Architects. The most interesting aspect of the project is how the architects immersed it in the context: “extracting” a diagonal motif from the planning grid of Vyksa, they aligned the building, the square, and the park to match it. A truly masterful work with urban planning context on several different levels of perception has long since become the signature technique of Ostozhenka.
​Generational Connection
Another modern estate, designed by Roman Leonidov, is located in the Moscow region and brings together three generations of one family under one roof. To fit on a narrow plot without depriving anyone of personal space, the architects opted for a zigzag plan. The main volume in the house structure is accentuated by mezzanines with a reverse-sloped roof and ceilings featuring exposed beams.
Three Dimensions of the City
We began to delve into the project by Sergey Skuratov, the residential complex “Depo” in Minsk, located at Victory Square, and it fascinated us completely. The project has at least several dimensions to it: historical – at some point, the developer decided to discontinue further collaboration with Sergey Skuratov Architects, but the concept was approved, and its implementation continues, mostly in accordance with the proposed ideas. The spatial and urban planning dimension – the architects both argue with the city and play along with it, deciphering nuances, and finding axes. And, finally, the tactile dimension – the constructed buildings also have their own intriguing features. Thus, this article also has two parts: it dwells on what has been built and what was conceived
New “Flight”
Architects from “Mezonproject” have developed a project for the reconstruction of the regional youth center “Polyot”(“Flight”) in the city of Oryol. The summer youth center, built back in the late 1970s, will now become year-round and acquire many additional functions.
The Yauza Towers
In Moscow, there aren’t that many buildings or projects designed by Nikita Yavein and Studio 44. In this article, we present to you the concept of a large multifunctional complex on the Yauza River, located between two parks, featuring a promenade, a crossroads of two pedestrian streets, a highly developed public space, and an original architectural solution. This solution combines a sophisticated, asymmetric façade grid, reminiscent of a game of fifteen puzzle, and bold protrusions of the upper parts of the buildings, completely masking the technical floors and sculpting the complex’s silhouette.
Architecture and Leisure Park
For the suburban hotel complex, which envisages various formats of leisure, the architectural company T+T Architects proposed several types of accommodation, ranging from the classic “standard” in a common building to a “cave in the hill” and a “house in a tree”. An additional challenge consisted in integrating a few classic-style residences already existing on this territory into the “architectural forest park”.
The U-House
The Jois complex combines height with terraces, bringing the most expensive apartments from penthouses down to the bottom floors. The powerful iconic image of the U-shaped building is the result of the creative search for a new standard of living in high-rise buildings by the architects of “Genpro”.
Black and White
In this article, we specifically discuss the interiors of the ATOM Pavilion at VDNKh. Interior design is a crucial component of the overall concept in this case, and precision and meticulous execution were highly important for the architects. Julia Tryaskina, head of UNK interiors, shares some of the developments.
The “Snake” Mountain
The competition project for the seaside resort complex “Serpentine” combines several typologies: apartments of different classes, villas, and hotel rooms. For each of these typologies, the KPLN architects employ one of the images that are drawn from the natural environment – a serpentine road, a mountain stream, and rolling waves.
Opal from Anna Mons’ Ring
The project of a small business center located near Tupolev Plaza and Radio Street proclaims the necessity of modern architecture in a specific area of Moscow commonly known as “Nemetskaya Sloboda” or “German settlement”. It substantiates its thesis with the thoroughness of details, a multitude of proposed and rejected form variants, and even a detailed description of the surrounding area. The project is interesting indeed, and it is even more interesting to see what will come of it.
Feed ’Em All
A “House of Russian Cuisine” was designed and built by KROST Group at VDNKh for the “Rossiya” exhibition in record-breaking time. The pavilion is masterfully constructed in terms of the standards of modern public catering industry multiplied by the bustling cultural program of the exhibition, and it interprets the stylistically diverse character of VDNKh just as successfully. At the same time, much of its interior design can be traced back to the prototypes of the 1960s – so much so that even scenes from iconic Soviet movies of those years persistently come to mind.
The Ensemble at the Mosque
OSA prepared a master plan for a district in the southern part of Derbent. The main task of the master plan is to initiate the formation of a modern comfortable environment in this city. The organization of residential areas is subordinated to the city’s spiritual center: depending on the location relative to the cathedral mosque, the houses are distinguished by façade and plastique solutions. The program also includes a “hospitality center”, administrative buildings, an educational cluster, and even an air bridge.
Pargolovo Protestantism
A Protestant church is being built in St. Petersburg by the project of SLOI architects. One of the main features of the building is a wooden roof with 25-meter spans, which, among other things, forms the interior of the prayer hall. Also, there are other interesting details – we are telling you more about them.
The Shape of the Inconceivable
The ATOM Pavilion at VDNKh brings to mind a famous maxim of all architects and critics: “You’ve come up with it? Now build it!” You rarely see such a selfless immersion in implementation of the project, and the formidable structural and engineering tasks set by UNK architects to themselves are presented here as an integral and important part of the architectural idea. The challenge matches the obliging status of the place – after all, it is an “exhibition of achievements”, and the pavilion is dedicated to the nuclear energy industry. Let’s take a closer look: from the outside, from the inside, and from the underside too.
​Rays of the Desert
A school for 1750 students is going to be built in Dubai, designed by IND Architects. The architects took into account the local specifics, and proposed a radial layout and spaces, in which the children will be comfortable throughout the day.
The Dairy Theme
The concept of an office of a cheese-making company, designed for the enclosed area of a dairy factory, at least partially refers to industrial architecture. Perhaps that is why this concept is very simple, which seems the appropriate thing to do here. The building is enlivened by literally a couple of “master strokes”: the turning of the corner accentuates the entrance, and the shade of glass responds to the theme of “milk rivers” from Russian fairy tales.
The Road to the Temple
Under a grant from the Small Towns Competition, the main street and temple area of the village of Nikolo-Berezovka near Neftekamsk has been improved. A consortium of APRELarchitects and Novaya Zemlya is turning the village into an open-air museum and integrating ruined buildings into public life.
​Towers Leaning Towards the Sun
The three towers of the residential complex “Novodanilovskaya 8” are new and the tallest neighbors of the Danilovsky Manufactory, “Fort”, and “Plaza”, complementing a whole cluster of modern buildings designed by renowned masters. At the same time, the towers are unique for this setting – they are residential, they are the tallest ones here, and they are located on a challenging site. In this article, we explore how architects Andrey Romanov and Ekaterina Kuznetsova tackled this far-from-trivial task.
In the spirit of ROSTA posters
The new Rostselmash tractor factory, conceptualized by ASADOV Architects, is currently being completed in Rostov-on-Don. References to the Soviet architecture of the 1920’s and 1960’s resonate with the mission and strategic importance of the enterprise, and are also in line with the client’s wish: to pay homage to Rostov’s constructivism.
The Northern Thebaid
The central part of Ferapontovo village, adjacent to the famous monastery with frescoes by Dionisy, has been improved according to the project by APRELarchitects. Now the place offers basic services for tourists, as well as a place for the villagers’ leisure.
Brilliant Production
The architects from London-based MOST Architecture have designed the space for the high-tech production of Charge Cars, a high-performance production facility for high-speed electric cars that are assembled in the shell of legendary Ford Mustangs. The founders of both the company and the car assembly startup are Russians who were educated in their home country.