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The Fluffy Space

Designing the passenger terminal of the Orenburg airport, ASADOV architects continue to explore the space theme that they first introduced in Saratov and Kemerovo airports. At the same time, the architects again combine the global and the local, reflecting topics inspired by the local conceptual context. In this case, the building is “covered” by an Orenburg downy shawl – an analogy that is recognizable enough, yet not literal; some will see the reference and some won’t.

10 February 2023
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Last year, the Orenburg airport was bought by a company jointly created by two major players at the Russian airport construction market: AO Aeroporty Regionov (“Regional Airports”) and Novaport Holding. One of the conditions was to develop three options for reconstructing the old terminal and agree the winner’s project with the regional government. The airport is situated amidst steppes, about twenty kilometers away from Orenburg, and about a hundred kilometers away from the Kazakhstan border, and the clients justly think that it may become a transfer hub on the way to Moscow and St. Petersburg from Central Asia. The building was constructed in the 1970s.

This is what the existing terminal of the Orenburg airport looks like:


The clients conducted a closed-door architectural competition, in which the finalists were ASADOV architects and KOSMOS. The architects presented their works at the city conference in the presence of the governor, city administration, and general public. There were questions to each of the two projects, and there was a second round, which was won by the KOSMOS concept – and which we are hoping to cover a little bit later.

The Yuri Gagarin airport in Orenburg
Copyright: © KOSMOS


The Yuri Gagarin Gagarin in Orenburg. The first stage of construction
Copyright: © ASADOV architects


Andrey Asadov is quite alright with the competition that allowed his rivals to win, being only wary about possible problems during the project’s implementation.

I must give credit to the courage of the Orenburg architects, who chose the project of our colleagues by a majority of votes, and the commitment of the authors themselves to the traditions of the avant-garde. 

I like both our project and the project developed KOSMOS architects. Let’s hope that it will be possible to implement it as it was intended – building such an openwork cantilevered structure with such a large overhang will take a lot of work and the skills of design engineers. I am intrigued; it will be interesting to see the end result, so we wish our colleagues a beautiful implementation.


We will note here that both teams used in their work one and the same image – the Orenburg downy shawl – yet they did it in different ways.

The downy shawl is clearly one of the most obvious, and, more importantly, best-recognizable symbols of Orenburg in Russia. It even surpasses many other symbols connected with the city and its region: gas, oil, and salt, which are mined here, the history of Pugachev’s uprising, and the idea of reviving the population of the Przhevalsky horses, which is successfully implemented here. But no – it is only the downy shawl that sticks in your memory.

On the other hand, in 2011, the airport was named after Yuri Gagarin: the first man in space studied here in the aviation school and met his future wife here. Curiously, the Saratov airport, built in 2013-2019 in accordance with the project by ASADOV Architects, was also named after Gagarin, but the name of the first cosmonaut was bestowed on it later on, in 2018, during the design and construction process. Nevertheless, it turned out that the architects worked with a “Gagarin” airport for a second time already. There was yet another experience of exploring the space theme in airport design – the terminal of the Leonov airport in Kemerovo, completed in 2020.

In a word, designing the Orenburg airport, ASADOV Architects decided to explore the two key themes and placed their bets on contrast, directly combining seemingly opposite things: Gagarin and the downy shawl.

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In reality, they did not combine them 100% directly. Gagarin wrapped in a downy shawl is rather the architects’ bravado.

The architects opposed the nearly weightless downy shawl as something light and warm to the open space as something endless, dark, and bristling with cold stars. It looks as if they “cut out” a fragment of the Universe and wrapped it in a warm Orenburg shawl, yet raised one of the shawl’s corners, letting us take a sneak peak at the stars glittering inside the terminal.

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Here is what the architects say:

How do you combine a downy shawl and Gagarin? Easy! On the outside, there is a warm and cozy image of a Russian soul. Then we raise one of the corners of the shawl just a little, and see the dark abyss, very much like the cosmic depths.

Here you have both countermove and paradox. However, you cannot say that the opposition of the two worlds is pushed to the limit: looking at the shawl pattern, you can see icy crystals of “solar signs” – just any folk ornament, it has the idea of the universe encoded in it, while the little sparks of the “stars” in the dark-blue space reflect the modern notion about the endlessness of the universe. This is how the rhyme of “two cosmoses” appears, one of them being the one that Gagarin saw during his orbital flight, the other being the code of an ancient culture that survived into the present in the well-known decor (I think it will be appropriate to mention the fact that in the Ancient Greek the word “cosmos” stood for everything that was orderly, decorated, or beautiful). Thus, the architects combined two notions of cosmos or space – the ancient and the modern ones.

We will note that at the first city conference ASADOV Architects showed two versions. In one of them, the shawl theme was explored more vividly: there was a ring standing in front of the façade – a ring, through which, as is known, a really good shawl is supposed to be able to pass.

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The first version of the concept. The Yuri Gagarin airport in Orenburg
Copyright: © ASADOV architects


The city council of Orenburg opted for the second version – and the architects themselves like it better: the simple glass volume of the terminal is covered by an ornamental “shawl”; one of its edges arches slightly, resembling not just a curve of a fabric but also the trajectory of a plane taking off – and then the “down” of the shawl can be interpreted as a vapor trail.

The Yuri Gagarin Gagarin in Orenburg. The first stage of construction
Copyright: © ASADOV architects


The project by ASADOV Architects provided for three stages of the airport development. During the first stage, the new terminal would be built next to the old one which would make it possible for the airport to continue operating.

The Yuri Gagarin Gagarin in Orenburg. The first stage of construction
Copyright: © ASADOV architects


The second stage included dismantling of the old terminal and creating a park area in its place – it could be useful not only for the passengers and those who came to meet them or see them off, but also for the visitors of the nearby civil aviation, as well as the guests at the airport hotel.

The Yuri Gagarin Gagarin in Orenburg. The second stage of construction
Copyright: © ASADOV architects


Should the airport become overloaded and should a necessity arise to expand it, the third stage is engaged: a second terminal is constructed, which mirrors the first one. The concept is preserved, only instead of the corner of the “shawl”, a symmetrical canopy appears on the main facade.

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    The Yuri Gagarin Gagarin in Orenburg. The third stage of construction
    Copyright: © ASADOV architects
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    The Yuri Gagarin airport in Orenburg. The third stage of construction
    Copyright: © ASADOV architects
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    The Yuri Gagarin airport in Orenburg. The third stage of construction
    Copyright: © ASADOV architects
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    The Yuri Gagarin airport in Orenburg. The first stage of construction
    Copyright: © ASADOV architects
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    The Yuri Gagarin airport in Orenburg. The second stage of construction
    Copyright: © ASADOV architects
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    The Yuri Gagarin airport in Orenburg. The third stage of construction
    Copyright: © ASADOV architects


However, even if the second part will never appear, the statement remains clear, and the image remains bright. The terminal is essentially a multilayered “crystal” volume. Its first layer is a transparent parallelepiped, consisting almost solely of stained glass constructions. A part of it is covered by a weightless “cobweb” of a decorative grille, streaming down in waves. Above it, there is a denser, yet still openwork, volumetric structure: let’s imagine that the shawl was folded in two, and then in two again, and the pattern became less prominent, but still discernible. The elevated corner of the upper layer forms a marquee with a more corporeal rigid structure, yet still transparent. Its volumetric construction spills over to the roof and the facade from the side of the airfield, “stretching up”.

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    The Yuri Gagarin Gagarin in Orenburg
    Copyright: © ASADOV architects
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    The Yuri Gagarin airport in Orenburg. The second stage of construction
    Copyright: © ASADOV architects
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    The Yuri Gagarin airport in Orenburg. The first stage of construction
    Copyright: © ASADOV architects
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    The Yuri Gagarin airport in Orenburg. The second stage of construction
    Copyright: © ASADOV architects


In the nighttime, a “star scatter” appears underneath this corner: spotlights of various colors are installed in the nodes of openwork structures, which are reflected in the stained glass windows, being superimposed on the cobweb of the decorative grille.

All of this not just effectively creates an effect of a “sky full of stars” – differently colored lights and openwork grilles create a festive mood, a feeling of anticipating the flight and changing your circumstances.

In the interior, the duality of the dark glittering cosmic space and the fluffy handmade shawl is felt even stronger. The white openwork structures meet the dark perforated ceiling that has pinpoint lights and large circular “crater” lights installed in it. The gray glittering metallic tones contrast with the trees and spots of lights, slightly blurred, like aurora borealis: these come from glass barriers, neon backlighting and video projections.

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    The Yuri Gagarin Gagarin in Orenburg
    Copyright: © ASADOV architects
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    The Yuri Gagarin airport in Orenburg
    Copyright: © ASADOV architects
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    The Yuri Gagarin airport in Orenburg
    Copyright: © ASADOV architects
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    The Yuri Gagarin airport in Orenburg
    Copyright: © ASADOV architects


And, finally, we will note that the image of outer space and even the contrast between the downy shawl and space are rather given as hints. Nothing is what it seems. We can speak about the image of the shawl, but it is by no means garish, and the openwork canopy looks rather like some fashionable architectural technique than a direct quotation; the same refers to the spotlight stars from the smart backlighting system. The architects’ tremendous experience with working with airports and the topic of space does bring its results.

10 February 2023

Headlines now
Elevation 5642
The Genplan Institute of Moscow has developed a comprehensive development project for three ski resorts in the Caucasus, which have been designated as special economic zones of the tourism and recreation type. The first of these zones is Elbrus. The project includes the construction of new ski runs, cable cars, and hotels, as well as the modernization of stations and improvements to the Azau tourist meadow. To expand the audience and enhance year-round appeal, a network of eco-trails is also being developed. In this article, we provide a detailed breakdown of each stage.
The IT Town
Taking the example of the first completed phase of the “U” district, we examine how the new neighborhood in Innopolis will be organized. T+T Architects and HADAA formed a well-balanced and ingenious master plan with different types of housing, a green artery, a system of squares, and a park in the town’s central part.
The Heart Lies Within
The second-phase building of the Evgeny Primakov School already won multiple awards while still in the design stage. Now that it’s completed, some unfinished nuances remain – most notably, the exposed ceiling structures, which ideally should have been concealed. However, given the priority placed on the building’s volumetric composition, this does not seem critical. What matters more is the “Wow!” effect created by the space itself.
Magnetic Forces
“Krylatskaya 33” is the first large-scale residential complex to appear amidst the 1980s “micro-districts” that harmoniously coexist with the forests, the river, the slopes, and the sports infrastructure. Despite its imposing scale, the architects of Ostozhenka managed to turn the complex into something that can be best described as a “graceful dominant”. First, they designed the complex with consideration for the style and height of the surrounding micro-districts. Second, by introducing a pause in its tallest section, they created compositional tension – right along the urban planning axis of the area.
Orion’s Belt
The Stone Khodynka 2 office complex, designed by Kleinewelt Architekten for the company Stone, is built with an ergonomic layout following “healthy building” principles: natural light, ventilation, and all the necessary features for an efficient office environment. On the outside, it resembles – like many contemporary buildings – an iPhone: sleek, glowing, glass-and-metal, edges elegantly rounded. Yet, it responds sensitively to the Khodynka context, where the main theme is the contrast between vertical and horizontal lines. The key intrigue lies in the design of the “stylobate” as a suspended passage, leaving the space beneath it open for free pedestrian movement.
Grigory Revzin: “It Was a Bold Statement Made on the Sly. Something Won”
In this article, we discuss the debates surrounding the circus competition and the demolition of the CMEA building with the most renowned architectural critic of our time. A paradox emerges in the process: while nostalgia for the Brezhnev era seems to be in vogue in Russia, a landmark building – the “axis” of the Warsaw Pact – has been sentenced to demolition. Isn’t that strange? We also find out that wow-architecture has made a comeback as a post-COVID trend. However, to make a truly powerful statement, professionals still remain indispensable.
Exposed Concrete
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One Step Closer To the Dream
The challenges of getting all the mandatory approvals, an insufficient budget, and construction site difficulties did not prevent ASADOV Bureau from achieving its main goal in the realization of the school project in the town of Troitsk – taking another step away from outdated notions of educational spaces toward creating a fundamentally new academic environment.
Chalet on the Rock
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Sergey Skuratov: “By and large, the project has been realized in line with the original ideas”
In this issue, we talk to the chief architect of Garden Quarters, looking back at the history and key moments of a project that took 18 years to develop and has now finally been completed. What interests us most are the transformations that the project underwent during construction, and the way the “necessary void” of public space was formed, which turned this remarkable complex into a fragment of a whole new type of urban fabric – not just at the horizontal “street” level but in its vertical structure as well.
A Unique Representative
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Field of Life
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A Paper Clip above the River
In this article, we talk with Vitaly Lutz from the Genplan Institute of Moscow about the design and unique features of the pedestrian bridge that now links the two banks of the Yauza River in the new cluster of Bauman Moscow State Technical University (MSTU). The bridge’s form and functionality – particularly the inclusion of an amphitheater suspended over the river – were conceived during the planning phase of the territory’s development. Typically, this approach is not standard practice, but the architects advocate for it, referring to this intermediate project phase as the “pre-AGR” stage (AGR stands for Architectural and Urban Planning Approval). Such a practice, they argue, helps define key parameters of future projects and bridge the gap between urban planning and architectural design.
Living in the Architecture of One’s Own Making
Do architects design houses for themselves? You bet! In this article, we are examining a new book by TATLIN publishing house. This book – unprecedented for Russia – features 52 private homes designed and built by contemporary architects for themselves. It includes houses that are famous, even iconic, as well as lesser-known ones; large and small, stylish and eccentric. To some extent, the book reflects the history of Russian architecture over the past 30 years.
A City Block Isoline
Another competition project for a residential complex on the banks of the Volga in Nizhny Novgorod has been prepared by Studio 44. A team of architects led by Ivan Kozhin concluded that using a regular block layout in such a location would be inappropriate and developed a “custom design” approach: a chain of parceled multi-section buildings stretching along the entire embankment. Let’s explore the features and advantages of this unconventional method.
Competition: The Price of Creativity?
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Terraced Design
The “River Park” residential complex has confidently and securely shaped the Nagatinsky Backwater shoreline. Featuring a public embankment, elevated courtyards connected by pedestrian bridges, and brick façades, the development invites exploration of its nuanced response to the surrounding context, as well as hints of the architects’ megalithic design thinking.
A Kremlin’s Core and Meteorite Fragments
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The Volga Regatta
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Life Plans
The master plan for the residential district “Prityazheniye” (“Gravity”) in Naberezhnye Chelny was developed by the architectural company A.Len, taking into account the specific urban planning context and partially implemented solutions of the first phase. However, the master plan prioritized its own values: a green framework, a system of focal points, a hierarchy of spaces, and pedestrian priority. After this, the question of what residents will do in their neighborhood simply doesn’t arise.
A New Track
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Four Different Surveys
The “Explore the City” competition, organized this year by the Genplan Institute of Moscow, stands out as a pretty unconventional one for the architectural field but aligns perfectly well with the character of urban planning work. The winning project analyzed contemporary residential complexes, combining urban planning insights with a realtor’s perspective to propose a hybrid approach. Other entries explored public centers, motivations for car ownership, and housing vacancy rates. A fifth participant withdrew. Here’s a closer look at the four completed works.
Scheduled Evolution
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The Golden Crown
The concept for a dental clinic in Yekaterinburg, developed by CNTR Studio, revolves around the idea of a “mouth full of gold”: pristine white porcelain stoneware walls are complemented by matte brass details. To avoid an overly literal interpretation, the architects focused on the building’s proportions, skillfully navigating between sunlight requirements and fire safety regulations.
Flexibility and Integration
Not long ago, we covered the project for the fourth phase of the ÁLIA residential complex, designed by APEX. Now, we’ve been shown different fence concepts they developed to enclose the complex’s private courtyards, incorporating a variety of public functions. We believe that the sheer fact that the complex’s architects were involved in such a detail as fencing speaks volumes.
A Step Forward
The HIDE residential complex represents a major milestone for ADM architects and their leaders Andrey Romanov and Ekaterina Kuznetsova in their quest for a fresh high-rise aesthetic – one that is flexible and layered, capable of bringing vibrancy to mass and silhouette while shaping form. Over recent years, this approach has become ADM’s “signature style”, with the golden HIDE tower playing a pivotal role in its evolution. Here, we delve into the project’s story, explore the details of the complex’s design, and uncover its core essence.
Gold in the Sands
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Layers and Levels of Flight
This project goes way back – Reserve Union won this architectural competition at the end of 2011, and the building was completed in 2018, so it’s practically “archival”. However, despite being relatively unknown, the building can hardly be considered “dated” and remains a prime example of architectural expression, particularly in the headquarters genre. And it’s especially fitting for an aviation company office. In some ways, it resembles the Aeroflot headquarters at Sheremetyevo but with its own unique identity, following the signature style of Vladimir Plotkin. In this article, we take an in-depth look at the United Aircraft Corporation (UAC) headquarters in the Moscow agglomeration town of Zhukovsky, supplemented by recent photographs from Alexey Naroditsky – a shoot that became only recently possible due to the fact that improvements were finally made in the surrounding area.
Light and Shadow
In this article, we delve into the architectural design of the “Chaika” house by DNK ag architects, which was recently completed in 2023 as part of the collection of signature designs at ZILArt. As is well-known, all the buildings in this complex follow a design code, yet each one is distinct. This particular building stands out not only for its whiteness and minimalism but also for the refined use of a limited number of techniques that, together, create what can confidently be called synergy.
Casus Novae
A master plan was developed for a large residential area with a name of “DNS City”, but now that its implementation began, the plan has been arbitrarily reformatted and replaced with something that, while similar on the surface, is actually quite different. This is not the first time such a thing happens, but it’s always frustrating. With permission from the author, we are sharing Maria Elkina’s post.