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​Renovation: the Far East Style

The competition project of renovating two central city blocks of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, developed by UNK project, won the nomination “Architectural and planning solutions of city construction”.

20 October 2020
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The competition for renovating city blocks 4, 7, and 8 was commissioned by the city administration within the framework of the concept of developing the regional center until 2024. The operator was Moscow’s company RTDA – it is expected that based on the winning concepts it will further develop a new set of town planning rules and regulations. It was announced recently that the project won the nomination “Architectural and planning solutions”, while the future of the other projects will be determined by the judging panel.

The in-block Restorannaya Street in District 7. The development of architectural and town planning concept of developing the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk area.
Copyright: © UNK project


View from the window into the yard. The development of architectural and town planning concept of developing the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk area.
Copyright: © UNK project


Over the last few years, the city government of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk has initiated a whole series of competitions, one of them being the competition for the concept of spatial development of the city, which was won by Ostozhenka, and a competition for the concept of an educational cluster, which was won by UNK project. This means at least three important things: first, there are unsolved town planning problems that Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk is currently facing, second, the moral and physical wear of the existing construction, and, third, the fact that the city government is prepared to be involved in an extensive dialogue on the subject.

Birds-eye view of District 8. The development of architectural and town planning concept of developing the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk area.
Copyright: © UNK project


Birds-eye view of District 7. The development of architectural and town planning concept of developing the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk area.
Copyright: © UNK project


Using the term “renovation” in the context of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, one must take into account one crucial detail: when Moscow is improving the city space and people’s living conditions, we are indeed speaking of “improvement”, i.e. making the city environment comply with some certain modern standards – meaning, you could leave everything as it was, at least, it is known that some of the old five-story housing projects opted out of getting on the renovation program by popular vote. When Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk committed itself to renovation – which started in the already mentioned District 8, where two municipal houses were built – it was all about total replacement of the housing stock, which was not just outdated but totally unfit for living, and dangerous for its residents due to the hazardous state it is in, as well as non-compliance with modern construction requirements in seismically active zones.

The entrance to the city block. The Raionnaya Street. The Komsomolsky Avenue. The development of architectural and town planning concept of developing the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk area.
Copyright: © UNK project


View of the inner yard. The development of architectural and town planning concept of developing the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk area.
Copyright: © UNK project


This is why the renovation program in Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk is not as commercially charged, and does not require any “Moscow coefficient” of increasing the construction density. In Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, according to the competition brief, with the current population density of 20,852 people per square kilometer, the increase in housing density will only be 9%, i.e. 22,288 people per square kilometer. Expressed in architectural and town-planning terms, this, first of all, means an opportunity to keep the construction at a low-rise level – in the concept developed by UNK project, it does not exceed 4-9 floors, combined with an increase in the square footage of the apartments by 20% – as well as an opportunity for designing large yard and public areas.

The geographical context

The renovated Districts 7 and 8 – and here the UNK project initiative was supported by the local government – are to become the exemplary starting point, which will show the “future face” of the entire city. The housing construction here is based on implementing the typology of urban blocks – small-size perimeter blocks of houses with a clear division into the city and yard territories and a restricted car access. The idea of urban blocks has been in trend for a few years now at various urban planning forums. However, in spite of the fact that it was born concurrently to the Moscow renovation project, the nation’s capital still lacks urban blocks built at the city’s commission. As for renovation practice, so far it boils down to pinpoint construction, represented by separately standing high-rises.

The sports nucleus of District 7. The development of architectural and town planning concept of developing the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk area.
Copyright: © UNK project


The “Zen Garden” park. The development of architectural and town planning concept of developing the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk area.
Copyright: © UNK project
 

This fact, of course, has a rational explanation: there is a vast difference between the overpriced Moscow land and that of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk. However, the Far East region presents difficulties of its own, having to do, first of all with the geographic specifics.  First of all, the increased danger of earthquakes. If the architects tried to observe the Soviet construction standards, building urban blocks would be out of the question because those rules clearly stated that houses were to be built at a considerable distance from one another in case of an earthquake: if one house collapses it will not hit the one standing next to it. With the development of modern technologies for designing and calculating buildings, crash-tested in the neighboring Japan, the necessity for spacing the houses as far apart as possible became no longer relevant, and earthquake-proof buildings are now constructed by less archaic methods. All new homes ultimately provide structural strength that can withstand earthquakes up to 9 points.

The central boulevard. The development of architectural and town planning concept of developing the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk area.
Copyright: © UNK project


Second, a big problem on Sakhalin, is the monsoon climate – there are recurrent cyclones with colossal amounts of snow. The head of UNK project Yuliy Borisov notes that this is not their first project in the region, the architects are already at home with these specifics, and, therefore, immediately implement the required solutions in their projects. For example, the width of the traffic way must be calculated with regard to snow disposal, while the contour of the roofs must also provide for accumulation of large masses of snow.

In addition, snowfalls are a particular pain in the head for motorists – and this is why the concept includes underground parking garages instead of open air parking lots, because this will spare the car owners the necessity to dig their cars from snow every morning. Virtually every urban block has an underground parking garage in front of it. The surplus budget of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk can afford such a solution. 

The construction principles 

During the construction of urban blocks, the large cells of the Soviet town planning grid get fractured into a finer structure, where the size of the “module” do not exceed 2.5 hectares, its maximum length being 200 meters. The benefits provided by such structure have been repeatedly described. We will only remind you here that the concept of urban blocks became the key idea of the new regional town planning standards, which were a few years ago presented by the Committee for Architecture and Urban Planning of Moscow at the ArchModscow convention. The project was developed by RTDA, the operator of the current competition, and the same ideas can be traced here.

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    The pacement of the structure planning elements. The development of architectural and town planning concept of developing the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk area.
    Copyright: © UNK project
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    The simplified construction plan. The development of architectural and town planning concept of developing the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk area.
    Copyright: © UNK project
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    Scheme of wave relocation of population (the 1st wave). The development of architectural and town planning concept of developing the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk area.
    Copyright: © UNK project
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    Scheme of wave relocation of population (the 2nd wave). The development of architectural and town planning concept of developing the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk area.
    Copyright: © UNK project
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    Scheme of wave relocation of population (the 3rd wave). The development of architectural and town planning concept of developing the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk area.
    Copyright: © UNK project
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    Scheme of wave relocation of population (the 4th wave). The development of architectural and town planning concept of developing the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk area.
    Copyright: © UNK project
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    Scheme of wave relocation of population (the 5th wave). The development of architectural and town planning concept of developing the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk area.
    Copyright: © UNK project
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    Scheme of wave relocation of population (the 6th wave). The development of architectural and town planning concept of developing the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk area.
    Copyright: © UNK project
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    Scheme of wave relocation of population (the completion of construction). The development of architectural and town planning concept of developing the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk area.
    Copyright: © UNK project
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    The planting diagram. The development of architectural and town planning concept of developing the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk area.
    Copyright: © UNK project
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    Number of stories diagram. The development of architectural and town planning concept of developing the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk area.
    Copyright: © UNK project
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    The social infrastructure projects. The development of architectural and town planning concept of developing the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk area.
    Copyright: © UNK project
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    The pedestrian diagram. The development of architectural and town planning concept of developing the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk area.
    Copyright: © UNK project
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    The transport scheme with the organization of the road network. The development of architectural and town planning concept of developing the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk area.
    Copyright: © UNK project
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    Section views of the territory. The development of architectural and town planning concept of developing the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk area.
    Copyright: © UNK project


The key feature of the urban block system is accessibility – the architects create a chain of housing projects with walking access to social infrastructure projects, combined with a transparent and safe pedestrian environment. It is cut through by a so-called “green urban framework” – a chain of boulevards, city parks, and in-yard gardens that make it possible to integrate the new town planning formations into the natural mountainous landscape, and build a tourist route in the center of the city. For example, districts 7 and 8 are connected to the boulevard that connects the city park with the central square and with the business quarter. 

The facade design code. An example of an urban block. The development of architectural and town planning concept of developing the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk area.
Copyright: © UNK project


The sakura promenade. The development of architectural and town planning concept of developing the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk area.
Copyright: © UNK project


The local residents – who took an active part in discussing the competition – paid special attention to this specific part of the project, literally examining which windows will command better mountain views.

Yuliy Borisov: “Our goal was to show town planning and architectural approaches to realizing renovation projects, but, most importantly, we had to get feedback from the local residents. We believe that the people of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk were our coauthors because they indeed gave us a lot of valuable advice. The discussion coincided with the pandemic lockdown period, but we made a tent in the center of the city – some people would come there in person, and some discussed the project with us by video conferencing.”

The concept also provides for such an important feature of renovated environment as being multifunctional and diverse in terms of scenarios for using its territories: although the residential function does prevail, the project also provides for non-residential bottom floors, special designated areas for vegetable gardens and greenhouses, and creating new “centers of attraction”.  The concept named the Teatralnaya Square, the Restorannaya Street, the Sports Field, “Business Center”, and “Sakura Boulevard”. Of course, while still in the concept stage, all of these are mere proposals that outline the main ideas for further town planning development.

The Central Square of District 8. The development of architectural and town planning concept of developing the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk area.
Copyright: © UNK project


The very architecture of the urban block is designed upon the principle of diversity of the volumes, and variety of facade solutions, sort of united into a single city block. UNK project proposes to introduce into the concept a certain protocol – the so-called design code, which includes height, plastique, roof types, facade materials, and even placement of outdoor advertising structures. Applied to the new construction rules, such code could significantly improve the quality of the future design, resulting in better balanced and more convenient housing.

The Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk scenario

Yuliy Borisov believes that the renovation scenario, which was proposed to Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, is quite appropriate for many other Russian cities of certain size, population density, and, most importantly, the price tag for the land. All this considering the fact that in the regions, where the land-to-construction cost ratio is far less dramatic than it in Moscow (where the main task during renovation is to squeeze as much square footage as possible), Russian cities nonetheless try to copy-paste the Moscow model, based on a fundamentally different economic situation. At the same time, the high-rise construction in the regions is very far from inexpensive, and, second, urban blocks only make sense when the number of floors stays under 9 – the architect emphasizes.

Those solutions that are contained in this renovation concept are, in my opinion, important and relevant not only for Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk. If the city succeeds in implementing these approaches on a systematic scale, this will be a great example for other Russian cities because Moscow is a separate agglomeration, with rules of its own, and now many cities are trying to copy the Moscow scenario, which, honestly, I do not think is the right thing to do. I would want to see a different approach to housing construction. There is a sensible solution – buildings of 8 or at most 9 stories high – these are backed by great economic figures, and it is convenient for the residents, so this is the scenario to be implemented. 
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    The public spaces. The development of architectural and town planning concept of developing the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk area.
    Copyright: © UNK project
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    The functional content diagram. The development of architectural and town planning concept of developing the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk area.
    Copyright: © UNK project
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    The landscaping diagram. The development of architectural and town planning concept of developing the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk area.
    Copyright: © UNK project
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    The underground parking garages. The development of architectural and town planning concept of developing the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk area.
    Copyright: © UNK project
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    The scheme of the architectural and planning solution. The development of architectural and town planning concept of developing the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk area.
    Copyright: © UNK project
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    The scheme of the inner yard of an urban block. The development of architectural and town planning concept of developing the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk area.
    Copyright: © UNK project
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    The facade design code. The development of architectural and town planning concept of developing the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk area.
    Copyright: © UNK project


20 October 2020

Headlines now
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Flexibility and Integration
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A Step Forward
The HIDE residential complex represents a major milestone for ADM architects and their leaders Andrey Romanov and Ekaterina Kuznetsova in their quest for a fresh high-rise aesthetic – one that is flexible and layered, capable of bringing vibrancy to mass and silhouette while shaping form. Over recent years, this approach has become ADM’s “signature style”, with the golden HIDE tower playing a pivotal role in its evolution. Here, we delve into the project’s story, explore the details of the complex’s design, and uncover its core essence.
Gold in the Sands
A new office for a transcontinental company specializing in resource extraction and processing has opened in Dubai. Designed by T+T Architects, masters of creating spaces that are contemporary, diverse, flexible, and original, this project exemplifies their expertise. On the executive floor, a massive brass-clad partition dominates, while layered textures of compressed earth create a contextually resonant backdrop.
Layers and Levels of Flight
This project goes way back – Reserve Union won this architectural competition at the end of 2011, and the building was completed in 2018, so it’s practically “archival”. However, despite being relatively unknown, the building can hardly be considered “dated” and remains a prime example of architectural expression, particularly in the headquarters genre. And it’s especially fitting for an aviation company office. In some ways, it resembles the Aeroflot headquarters at Sheremetyevo but with its own unique identity, following the signature style of Vladimir Plotkin. In this article, we take an in-depth look at the United Aircraft Corporation (UAC) headquarters in the Moscow agglomeration town of Zhukovsky, supplemented by recent photographs from Alexey Naroditsky – a shoot that became only recently possible due to the fact that improvements were finally made in the surrounding area.
Light and Shadow
In this article, we delve into the architectural design of the “Chaika” house by DNK ag architects, which was recently completed in 2023 as part of the collection of signature designs at ZILArt. As is well-known, all the buildings in this complex follow a design code, yet each one is distinct. This particular building stands out not only for its whiteness and minimalism but also for the refined use of a limited number of techniques that, together, create what can confidently be called synergy.
Casus Novae
A master plan was developed for a large residential area with a name of “DNS City”, but now that its implementation began, the plan has been arbitrarily reformatted and replaced with something that, while similar on the surface, is actually quite different. This is not the first time such a thing happens, but it’s always frustrating. With permission from the author, we are sharing Maria Elkina’s post.
Treasure Hunting
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Depths of the Earth, Streams of Water
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Fir Tree Dynamics
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​A Brick Shell
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Word Forms
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Flexibility and Acuteness of Modernity
Luxurious, fluid, large “kokoshniks” and spiral barrel columns, as if made from colorful chewing gum: there seem to be no other mansion like this in Moscow, designed in the “Neo-Russian-Modern” style. And the “Teremok” on Malaya Kaluzhskaya, previously somewhat obscure, has “come alive with new colors” and gained visibility after its restoration for the office of the “architectural ecosystem” as the architects love to call themselves. It’s evident that Julius Borisov and the architects at UNK put their hearts into finding this new office and bringing it up to date. Let’s delve into the paradoxes of this mansion’s history and its plasticity. Spoiler: two versions of modernity meet here, both balancing on the razor’s edge of “what’s current”.
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​Moscow’s First
“The quality of education largely depends on the quality of the educational environment”. This principle of the last decade has been realized by Sergey Skuratov in the project for the First Moscow Gymnasium on Rostovskaya Embankment in the Khamovniki district. The building seamlessly integrates into the complex urban landscape, responding both to the pedestrian flow of the city and the quiet alleyways. It skillfully takes advantage of the height differences and aligns with modern trends in educational space design. Let’s take a closer look.
Looking at the Water
The site of Villa Sonata stretches from the road to the water’s edge, offering its own shoreline, pier, and a picturesque river panorama. To reveal these sweeping views, Roman Leonidov “cut” the façade diagonally parallel to the river, thus getting two main axes for the house and, consequently, “two heads”. The internal core – two double-height spaces, a living room and a conservatory, with a “bridge” above them – makes the house both “transparent” and filled with light.
The White Wing
Well, it’s not exactly white. It’s more of a beige, white-stone structure that plays with the color of limestone – smoother surfaces are lighter, while rougher ones are darker. This wing unites various elements: it absorbs and interprets the surrounding themes. It responds to everything, yet maintains a cohesive expression – a challenging task! – while also incorporating recognizable features of its own, such as the dynamic cuts at the bottom, top, and middle.
Urban Dunes
The XSA Ramps team designed and built a three-part sports hub for a park in Rostov-on-Don, welcoming people of all ages and fitness levels. The skate plaza, pump track, and playground are all meticulously crafted with details that attract a diverse range of visitors. The technical execution of the shapes and slopes transforms this space into a kind of sculptural composition.
Proportional Growth
The project for the fourth phase of the ÁLIA residential area has been announced. The buildings are situated on an elongated plot – almost a “ray” that shoots out from the center of the area towards the river. Their layout reflects both a response to Moscow’s architectural preferences over the past 15 years, shifting “from blocks to towers”, and an interpretation of the neighboring business park designed by SOM. Additionally, the best apartments here are not located at the very top but closer to the middle, forming a glowing “waistline”.
The “Staircase” Building
In designing the “Details” residential complex in New Moscow, Rais Baishev spiced up the now-popular Moscow theme of a “courtyard” building with an idea drawn from the surrealist drawings by Maurits Escher. He envisioned the stepped silhouettes and descending slopes as a metaphysical mega-staircase, creating a key void within the courtyard that gave the project an internal “spine”. This concept is felt both in the building’s silhouette and on its façades.
Projection of the Quarter
No one doubted that the building that Vladimir Plotkin designed as part of the “Garden Quarters” would be the most modernist of all. And it turned out just that way: while adhering to the common design code, the building successfully combines brick and white stone, rhythmically responding to the neighboring building designed by Ostozhenka, yet tactfully and persistently making a few statements of its own. This includes the projection of the ideal urban development composition “14–9–6”, which can be found right next door, mathematical calculations, including those for various types of terraces (and perhaps the only reminder of the Soviet past of the Kauchuk rubber factory!), and the white “cross-stitch” pattern of the façade grid.
Domus Aurea
In this issue, we examine the “Tessinsky-1” house, designed by Sergey Skuratov and completed in 2023. Located in the middle of the Serebryanicheskaya Embankment district, at the intersection of its main streets, this house assumes a sort of “nodal” role: it not only responds to everything around it and preserves many memories of the former EMA factory within itself, but it weaves all this into a newly directed pattern, reconciling bright “gold” and dark-colored brick, largely with the help of the new, modern-yet-archaic Columba brick, which, come to think about it, is the most precious element here.
The Chimney of Nikola-Lenivets
In this issue, we are examining the “Obelisk House” designed by KATARSIS and built for the Arkhstoyanie 2023 festival. However, it was only finished later on, and this is why we are examining it now. It seems to us that after the “Obelisk House” appeared in Nikola-Lenivets, a dialogue and a few inner connections appeared between the temporary structures built here. These houses no longer look like “accidental neighbors”, more of which below.
​Periscope by the Bay
The jury awarded the second place in the competition for a public and cultural center in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky to the companies GORA (“Mountain”) and M4. In the consortium’s proposal, the building resembles a sperm whale with a calf swimming next to it or a periscope, whose lenses capture the most spectacular views from the surrounding landscape.
From Arcs to Dolmens
While working on the competition project for Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, ASADOV Architects prioritized the value of the natural and urban environment, aiming to preserve the balance of the location while minimizing the resemblance of the volume that they designed to a “traditional building”. The task was challenging, and the architects created three versions, one of which having been developed after the competition, where their main proposal took third place. However, the point of interest here is not the competition result but the continuity of creative thinking.
Hide and Seek
The ID Moskovskiy house, designed by Stepan Liphart in St. Petersburg, in the courtyards near Moskovskiy Avenue beyond the Obvodny Canal and recently completed, is notable for several reasons. Firstly, it has been realized with considerable accuracy, which is particularly significant as this is the first building where the architect was responsible not only for the facades but also for the layouts, allowing for better integration between the two. On the other hand, this building is interesting as an example of the “germination” of new architecture in the city: it draws on the best examples from the neighborhood and becomes an improved and developed sum of ideas found by the architect in the surrounding context.
The Big Twelve
Yesterday, the winners of the Moscow Mayor’s Architecture Award were announced and honored. Let’s take a look at what was awarded and, in some cases, even critique this esteemed award. After all, there is always room for improvement, right?
Above the Golden Horn
The residential complex “Philosophy” designed by T+T architects in Vladivostok, is one of the new projects in the “Golubinaya Pad” area, changing its development philosophy (pun intended) from single houses to a comprehensive approach. The buildings are organized along public streets, varying in height and format, with one house even executed in gallery typology, featuring a cantilever leaning on an art object.
Nuanced Alternative
How can you rhyme a square and space? Easily! But to do so, you need to rhyme everything you can possibly think of: weave everything together, like in a tensegrity structure, and find your own optics too. The new exhibition at GES-2 does just that, offering its visitor a new perspective on the history of art spanning 150 years, infused with the hope for endless multiplicity of worlds and art histories. Read on to see how this is achieved and how the exhibition design by Evgeny Ace contributes to it.
Blinds for Ice
An ice arena has been constructed in Domodedovo based on a project by Yuri Vissarionov Architects. To prevent the long façade, a technical requirement for winter sports facilities, from appearing monotonous, the architects proposed the use of suspended structures with multidirectional slats. This design protects the ice from direct sunlight while giving the wall texture and detail.