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From Kaliningrad to Koenigsberg and back

The projects by the finalists of the contest for the development of Kaliningrad's historical center

17 October 2014
Contest Results
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In this issue, we are covering the projects done by the finalists of the international architectural and town-planning contest for the best concept of developing Kaliningrad's city center. The first place was won by the project of "Studio 44" and its leader Nikita Yavein prepared in cooperation with Saint Petersburg's Institute of Territorial Development; this project is covered in this specially dedicated issue. 


Plan of Koenigsberg by Braun, 1581 Source: Town-planning bureau “Heart of the City”, www.tuwangste.ru

The subject of the contest was the King's Mountain (actually, this is how the name of Koenigsberg translates from German) with the remnants of the king's castle founded back in 1255 and its immediate surroundings where during the Middle Ages there were the towns of Alpstadt, Lebenicht, Kneipfhof, and Vorstadt, as well as the Lomse Island lying at the junction of the Old and New Pregola rivers. This oldest district of Koenigsberg was almost completely destroyed by the bombings during the WWII. All that survived was the gothic cathedral on the island (1333–1380) with the grave of Immanuel Kant in it, the building of the Stock Exchange of 1875; the Jewish orphanage of 1904 and a few other buildings. Also, two bridges survived, the Medovy ("Honey") and the Derevyanny ("Wooden") that made the list of the famous seven bridges one had to cross without stepping on a single one of them twice - a problem that was scientifically proved unsolvable in 1736 by Leonhard Euler who concurrently to that developed the theory of graphs and founded the science of topology. 

Today, there is nothing left of Koenigsberg's traditional orthogonal planning grid and its dense array of houses (8,6х9х20 meters, the last figure being the "depth" of the house growing into the land plot); the center of the once-famous city turned into a place bleak and hostile with a giant House of the Soviets standing next to the ruined castle and the high-rises. The contestants had a task of turning this war-mangled territory into something of value, breathe a new live into this land, at the same time connecting it with the past by making its history come alive. 


House of the Soviets. Source: Town-planning bureau “Heart of the City”, www.tuwangste.ru

The second prize was won by the trio of "Devillers et Associes (France) + Off-the-grid + Wall (Russia), and the two other prizes were awarded to Trevor Skempton from Great Britain and HOSPER Sweden from Sweden. In this issue, we are covering all the four projects. 
 
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2nd prize
Koenigsberg-Kaliningrad 
Devillers et Associes (France) + Off-the-grid + Wall (Russia)



Contest project for the best concept of developing Kaliningrad's city center. 2nd place © Devillers et Associes (France) + Off-the-grid + Wall (Russia)

This team decided to pick up and develop the idea of duality of Koenigsberg-Kaliningrad that was proposed by the art critic Ivan Chechot: "Two centers, two cathedrals, two names, two K's (Kant and Kalinin, Kant and Koch, Kleist the writer and Kleist the general), two railway terminals, two lakes...", and give equal rights to the two already-existing city centers (one of them being the trade and business quarter, located in a different part of the city, the other, historical, located at the very heart of it). 

The authors paid a lot of attention to the transportation layout, giving it a "pedestrian-friendly" quality. The three main transport thoroughfares - the Shevchenko Street, and the Moscow and Lenin avenues (just like in the project by HOSPER Sweden) will be turned into boulevards after the construction of the inside ring road. The architects insist on refraining from taking down trestle bridge but propose to improve it by adding broad sidewalks to it and then use it as a sightseeing platform commanding a fine view of the island. 


Contest project for the best concept of developing Kaliningrad's city center. 2nd place © Devillers et Associes (France) + Off-the-grid + Wall (Russia)


Contest project for the best concept of developing Kaliningrad's city center. 2nd place © Devillers et Associes (France) + Off-the-grid + Wall (Russia)

The authors of the project divide the whole territory into seven historical sectors. The main promenade near the Lower Lake will become the place for secluded leisure, quiet rest, and family picnics. The new forum on the central square next to the House of the Soviets becomes the place for the city's public events, and the House of the Soviets itself turns into a sightseeing platform with a panoramic cafe and a large screen for the sports broadcastings and movie showreels. The museum quarter next to the castle ruins becomes a multifunctional cultural center. 


Museum center on the castle ruins. Contest project for the best concept of developing Kaliningrad's city center. 2nd place © Devillers et Associes (France) + Off-the-grid + Wall (Russia)​


Contest project for the best concept of developing Kaliningrad's city center. 2nd place © Devillers et Associes (France) + Off-the-grid + Wall (Russia)

The contemporary architecture of the historical district of Alpstadt is based on revisiting the old European cities with their shops and cafés; the marina next to the embankment, a hostel on the moored boat, and a fish market. Named after Kant, the philosophical park on the Kneiphof Island is meant to become the "place for deep meditation two steps away from the city fuss" with libraries, discussion clubs, musical evenings, and exhibitions organized in the cathedral. The two other territories are the open university on the Kant Square and the "tourist paradise" on the Steindamm Street, the main pedestrian and shopping thoroughfare of the city. 


Contest project for the best concept of developing Kaliningrad's city center. 2nd place © Devillers et Associes (France) + Off-the-grid + Wall (Russia)


Contest project for the best concept of developing Kaliningrad's city center. 2nd place © Devillers et Associes (France) + Off-the-grid + Wall (Russia)


Contest project for the best concept of developing Kaliningrad's city center. 2nd place © Devillers et Associes (France) + Off-the-grid + Wall (Russia)


Contest project for the best concept of developing Kaliningrad's city center. 2nd place © Devillers et Associes (France) + Off-the-grid + Wall (Russia)

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3rd prize
Three towers and one oculus
Trevor Skempton (Great Britain)



Contest project for the best concept of developing Kaliningrad's city center. 3rd place © Trevor Skempton (Great Britain)

What Skempton proposes is to complete the construction of the yet-unfinished House of the Soviets, renting it out to the commercial and governmental offices and augmenting it with two centerpieces, these being two multifunctional towers: "Gothic" 144 meters high and "Classic" 110 meters high, with the height of the House of the Soviets being about 70 meters. Connecting the towers with a multipurpose concert hall on the level of the basement floor, the author gets a "circular square" with a structure of underpasses around it, that he gives the name of "Oculus" and considers a worthy alternative to the long-term investments into the reconstruction of the Moscow and Lenin avenues. His project also provides for separating the pedestrian and the traffic flows, while the two new "centerpiece" towers are connected by the narrow pedestrian streets with the spire of the cathedral on the Kant Island. 


Contest project for the best concept of developing Kaliningrad's city center. 3rd place © Trevor Skempton (Great Britain)

It is planned that some of the houses standing between "Oculus" and the river will be restored, breaking away from the exactitude of the copying wherever necessary in order to fit the main architectural idea or to adjust to the current realities of the river bank. Skempton proposes to make the new houses seven-stories high, organizing on the first floors and in the mezzanines bars and restaurants, on the next two floors - offices, and apartments further up. 

This modernist project is all about the homage to the soviet legacy; there is even something "post-soviet" about it because the construction of the high-rises is combined with the recreation of the lost buildings. 


Contest project for the best concept of developing Kaliningrad's city center. 3rd place © Trevor Skempton (Great Britain)


Contest project for the best concept of developing Kaliningrad's city center. 3rd place © Trevor Skempton (Great Britain)


Contest project for the best concept of developing Kaliningrad's city center. 3rd place © Trevor Skempton (Great Britain)


Contest project for the best concept of developing Kaliningrad's city center. 3rd place © Trevor Skempton (Great Britain)


Contest project for the best concept of developing Kaliningrad's city center. 3rd place © Trevor Skempton (Great Britain)
 
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3rd prize
HOSPER Sweden AB (Sweden)
Co-authors of Mandaworks AB and Andreas Jonasson Arkitektkontor ABC



Contest project for the best concept of developing Kaliningrad's city center. 3rd place © HOSPER Sweden AB (Sweden), co-authors: Mandaworks AB and Andreas Jonasson Arkitektkontor AB

The authors propose a block plan with elements of "green" architecture and thought-out insolation. The blocks consist predominantly of five and six story houses and include elements of green architecture. The project also provides for green plants, good insolation, and actively uses the proximity to the reservoirs. 

The main elements of the public territories are formed by the historical street grid the shape of which is slightly altered in the places where it overlaps with the legacy elements of both Koenigsberg's and the soviet periods. In order to avoid turning the city's downtown area into an isolated structure, the authors propose to continue the block planning in all the directions. 


Contest project for the best concept of developing Kaliningrad's city center. 3rd place © HOSPER Sweden AB (Sweden), co-authors: Mandaworks AB and Andreas Jonasson Arkitektkontor AB

From the city's main thoroughfares, the traffic flows are routed both to the exits and entrances of the distribution road and to the streets of the residential part. Thank to such system, a lot of streets in the central part of the city can become predominantly pedestrian. The traffic-overloaded Lenin and Moscow avenues, as well as the Shevchenko Street, in the future will be turned into green, generally pedestrian, streets with limited automotive traffic. 


Contest project for the best concept of developing Kaliningrad's city center. 3rd place © HOSPER Sweden AB (Sweden), co-authors: Mandaworks AB and Andreas Jonasson Arkitektkontor AB


Contest project for the best concept of developing Kaliningrad's city center. 3rd place © HOSPER Sweden AB (Sweden), co-authors: Mandaworks AB and Andreas Jonasson Arkitektkontor AB


Contest project for the best concept of developing Kaliningrad's city center. 3rd place © HOSPER Sweden AB (Sweden), co-authors: Mandaworks AB and Andreas Jonasson Arkitektkontor AB


Contest project for the best concept of developing Kaliningrad's city center. 3rd place © HOSPER Sweden AB (Sweden), co-authors: Mandaworks AB and Andreas Jonasson Arkitektkontor AB


Contest project for the best concept of developing Kaliningrad's city center. 3rd place © HOSPER Sweden AB (Sweden), co-authors: Mandaworks AB and Andreas Jonasson Arkitektkontor AB

***

The contest for the concept of developing this territory was organized by the non-profit partnership organization "Town-planning Bureau "Heart of the City" at the commission of the government of the Kaliningrad region and with the support of the municipal board "Kaliningrad Urban District".


Contest project for the best concept of developing Kaliningrad's city center. 3rd place © HOSPER Sweden AB (Sweden), co-authors: Mandaworks AB and Andreas Jonasson Arkitektkontor AB


Contest project for the best concept of developing Kaliningrad's city center. 3rd place © HOSPER Sweden AB (Sweden), co-authors: Mandaworks AB and Andreas Jonasson Arkitektkontor AB


Contest project for the best concept of developing Kaliningrad's city center. 3rd place © HOSPER Sweden AB (Sweden), co-authors: Mandaworks AB and Andreas Jonasson Arkitektkontor AB


Contest project for the best concept of developing Kaliningrad's city center. 3rd place © HOSPER Sweden AB (Sweden), co-authors: Mandaworks AB and Andreas Jonasson Arkitektkontor AB


Contest project for the best concept of developing Kaliningrad's city center. 3rd place © HOSPER Sweden AB (Sweden), co-authors: Mandaworks AB and Andreas Jonasson Arkitektkontor AB


Contest project for the best concept of developing Kaliningrad's city center. 3rd place © HOSPER Sweden AB (Sweden), co-authors: Mandaworks AB and Andreas Jonasson Arkitektkontor AB


Contest project for the best concept of developing Kaliningrad's city center. 3rd place © HOSPER Sweden AB (Sweden), co-authors: Mandaworks AB and Andreas Jonasson Arkitektkontor AB
 
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17 October 2014

Headlines now
The Big Twelve
Yesterday, the winners of the Moscow Mayor’s Architecture Award were announced and honored. Let’s take a look at what was awarded and, in some cases, even critique this esteemed award. After all, there is always room for improvement, right?
Above the Golden Horn
The residential complex “Philosophy” designed by T+T architects in Vladivostok, is one of the new projects in the “Golubinaya Pad” area, changing its development philosophy (pun intended) from single houses to a comprehensive approach. The buildings are organized along public streets, varying in height and format, with one house even executed in gallery typology, featuring a cantilever leaning on an art object.
Nuanced Alternative
How can you rhyme a square and space? Easily! But to do so, you need to rhyme everything you can possibly think of: weave everything together, like in a tensegrity structure, and find your own optics too. The new exhibition at GES-2 does just that, offering its visitor a new perspective on the history of art spanning 150 years, infused with the hope for endless multiplicity of worlds and art histories. Read on to see how this is achieved and how the exhibition design by Evgeny Ace contributes to it.
Blinds for Ice
An ice arena has been constructed in Domodedovo based on a project by Yuri Vissarionov Architects. To prevent the long façade, a technical requirement for winter sports facilities, from appearing monotonous, the architects proposed the use of suspended structures with multidirectional slats. This design protects the ice from direct sunlight while giving the wall texture and detail.
Campus within a Day
In this article, we talk about what the participants of Genplan Institute of Moscow’s hackathon were doing at the MosComArchitecture booth at the “ArchMoscow” exhibition. We also discuss who won the prize and why, and what can be done with the territory of a small university on the outskirts of Moscow.
Vertical Civilization
Genpro considered the development of the vertical city concept and made it the theme of their pavilion at the “ArchMoscow” exhibition.
Marina Yegorova: “We think in terms of hectares, not square meters”
The career path of architect Marina Yegorova is quite impressive: MARHI, SPEECH, MosComArchitectura, the Genplan Institute of Moscow, and then her own architectural company. Its name Empate, which refers to the words “to draw” in Portuguese and “to empathize” in English, should not be misleading with its softness, as the firm freely works on different scales, including Integrated Territorial Development projects. We talked with Marina about various topics: urban planning experience, female leadership style, and even the love of architects for yachting.
Andrey Chuikov: “Optimum balance is achieved through economics”
The Yekaterinburg-based architectural company CNTR is in its mature stage: crystallization of principles, systematization, and standardization helped it make a qualitative leap, enhance competencies, and secure large contracts without sacrificing the aesthetic component. The head of the company, Andrey Chuikov, told us about building a business model and the bonuses that additional education in financial management provides for an architect.
The Fulcrum
Ostozhenka Architects have designed two astonishing towers practically on the edge of a slope above the Oka River in Nizhny Novgorod. These towers stand on 10-meter-tall weathered steel “legs”, with each floor offering panoramic views of the river and the city; all public spaces, including corridors, receive plenty of natural light. Here, we see a multitude of solutions that are unconventional for the residential routine of our day and age. Meanwhile, although these towers hark back to the typological explorations of the seventies, they are completely reinvented in a contemporary key. We admire Veren Group as the client – this is exactly how a “unique product” should be made – and we tell you exactly how our towers are arranged.
Crystal is Watching You
Right now, Museum Night has kicked off at the Museum of Architecture, featuring a fresh new addition – the “Crystal of Perception”, an installation by Sergey Kuznetsov, Ivan Grekov, and the KROST company, set up in the courtyard. It shimmers with light, it sings, it reacts to the approach of people, and who knows what else it can do.
The Secret Briton
The house is called “Little France”. Its composition follows the classical St. Petersburg style, with a palace-like courtyard. The decor is on the brink of Egyptian lotuses, neo-Greek acroteria, and classic 1930s “gears”; the recessed piers are Gothic, while the silhouette of the central part of the house is British. It’s quite interesting to examine all these details, attempting to understand which architectural direction they belong to. At the same time, however, the house fits like a glove in the context of the 20th line of St. Petersburg’s Vasilievsky Island; its elongated wings hold up the façade quite well.
The Wrap-Up
The competition project proposed by Treivas for the first 2021 competition for the Russian pavilion at EXPO 2025 concludes our series of publications on pavilion projects that will not be implemented. This particular proposal stands out for its detailed explanations and the idea of ecological responsibility: both the facades and the exhibition inside were intended to utilize recycled materials.
Birds and Streams
For the competition to design the Omsk airport, DNK ag formed a consortium, inviting VOX architects and Sila Sveta. Their project focuses on intersections, journeys, and flights – both of people and birds – as Omsk is known as a “transfer point” for bird migrations. The educational component is also carefully considered, and the building itself is filled with light, which seems to deconstruct the copper circle of the central entrance portal, spreading it into fantastic hyper-spatial “slices”.
Faraday Grid
The project of the Omsk airport by ASADOV Architects is another concept among the 14 finalists of a recent competition. It is called “The Bridge” and is inspired by both the West Siberian Exhibition of 1911 and the Trans-Siberian Railway bridge over the Irtysh River, built in 1896. On one hand, it carries a steampunk vibe, while on the other, there’s almost a sense of nostalgia for the heyday of 1913. However, the concept offers two variants, the second one devoid of nostalgia but featuring a parabola.
Midway upon the Journey of Our Life
Recently, Tatlin Publishing House released a book entitled “Architect Sergey Oreshkin. Selected Projects”. This book is not just a traditional book of the architectural company’s achievements, but rather a monograph of a more personal nature. The book includes 43 buildings as well as a section with architectural drawings. In this article, we reflect on the book as a way to take stock of an architect’s accomplishments.
Inverted Fortress
This year, there has been no shortage of intriguing architectural ideas around the Omsk airport. The project developed by the architectural company KPLN appeals to Omsk’s history as a wooden fortress that it was back in the day, but transforms the concept of a fortress beyond recognition: it “shaves off” the conical ends of “wooden logs”, then enlarges them, and then flips them over. The result is a hypostyle – a forest of conical columns on point supports, with skylights on top.
Transformation of Annenkirche
For Annenkirche (St. Anna Lutheran Church in St. Petersburg), Sergey Kuznetsov and the Kamen bureau have prepared a project that relies on the principles of the Venice Charter: the building is not restored to a specific date, historical layers are preserved, and modern elements do not mimic the authentic ones. Let’s delve into the details of these solutions.
The Paradox of the Temporary
The concept of the Russian pavilion for EXPO 2025 in Osaka, proposed by the Wowhaus architects, is the last of the six projects we gathered from the 2022 competition. It is again worth noting that the results of this competition were not finalized due to the cancellation of Russia’s participation in World Expo 2025. It should be mentioned that Wowhaus created three versions for this competition, but only one is being presented, and it can’t be said that this version is thoroughly developed – rather, it is done in the spirit of a “student assignment”. Nevertheless, the project is interesting in its paradoxical nature: the architects emphasized the temporary character of the pavilion, and in its bubble-like forms sought to reflect the paradoxes of space and time.
The Forum of Time
The competition project for the Russian Pavilion at EXPO 2025 in Osaka designed by Aleksey Orlov and Arena Project Institute consists of cones and conical funnels connected into a non-trivial composition, where one can feel the hand of architects who have worked extensively with stadiums and other sports facilities. It’s very interesting to delve into its logic, structurally built on the theme of clocks, hourglasses and even sundials. Additionally, the architects have turned the exhibition pavilion into a series of interconnected amphitheaters, which is also highly relevant for world exhibitions. We are reminding you that the competition results were never announced.
Mirrors Everywhere
The project by Sergey Nebotov, Anastasia Gritskova, and the architectural company “Novoe” was created for the Russian pavilion at EXPO 2025, but within the framework of another competition, which, as we learned, took place even earlier, in 2021. At that time, the competition theme was “digital twins”, and there was minimal time for work, so the project, according to the architect himself, was more of a “student assignment”. Nevertheless, this project is interesting for its plan bordering on similarity with Baroque projects and the emblem of the exhibition, as well as its diverse and comprehensive reflectiveness.
The Steppe Is Full of Beauty and Freedom
The goal of the exhibition “Dikoe Pole” (“Wild Field”) at the State Historical Museum was to move away from the archaeological listing of valuable items and to create an image of the steppe and nomads that was multidirectional and emotional – in other words, artistic. To achieve this goal, it was important to include works of contemporary art. One such work is the scenography of the exhibition space developed by CHART studio.
The Snowstorm Fish
The next project from the unfinished competition for the Russian Pavilion at EXPO 2025, which will be held in Osaka, Japan, is by Dashi Namdakov and Parsec Architects. The pavilion describes itself as an “architectural/sculptural” one, with its shape clearly reminiscent of abstract sculpture of the 1970s. It complements its program with a meditative hall named “Mendeleev’s Dreams”, and offers its visitors to slide from its roof at the end of the tour.
The Mirror of Your Soul
We continue to publish projects from the competition for the design of the Russian Pavilion at EXPO in Osaka 2025. We are reminding you that the results of the competition have not been announced, and hardly will ever be. The pavilion designed by ASADOV Architects combines a forest log cabin, the image of a hyper transition, and sculptures made of glowing threads – it focuses primarily on the scenography of the exhibition, which the pavilion builds sequentially like a string of impressions, dedicating it to the paradoxes of the Russian soul.
Part of the Ideal
In 2025, another World Expo will take place in Osaka, Japan, in which Russia will not participate. However, a competition for the Russian pavilion was indeed held, with six projects participating. The results were never announced as Russia’s participation was canceled; the competition has no winners. Nevertheless, Expo pavilion projects are typically designed for a bold and interesting architectural statement, so we’ve gathered all the six projects and will be publishing articles about them in random order. The first one is the project by Vladimir Plotkin and Reserve Union, which is distinguished by the clarity of its stereometric shape, the boldness of its structure, and the multiplicity of possible interpretations.
The Fortress by the River
ASADOV Architects have developed a concept for a new residential district in the center of Kemerovo. To combat the harsh climate and monotonous everyday life, the architects proposed a block type of development with dominant towers, good insolation, facades detailed at eye level, and event programming.
In the Rhombus Grid
Construction has begun on the building of the OMK (United Metallurgical Company) Corporate University in Nizhny Novgorod’s town of Vyksa, designed by Ostozhenka Architects. The most interesting aspect of the project is how the architects immersed it in the context: “extracting” a diagonal motif from the planning grid of Vyksa, they aligned the building, the square, and the park to match it. A truly masterful work with urban planning context on several different levels of perception has long since become the signature technique of Ostozhenka.
​Generational Connection
Another modern estate, designed by Roman Leonidov, is located in the Moscow region and brings together three generations of one family under one roof. To fit on a narrow plot without depriving anyone of personal space, the architects opted for a zigzag plan. The main volume in the house structure is accentuated by mezzanines with a reverse-sloped roof and ceilings featuring exposed beams.
Three Dimensions of the City
We began to delve into the project by Sergey Skuratov, the residential complex “Depo” in Minsk, located at Victory Square, and it fascinated us completely. The project has at least several dimensions to it: historical – at some point, the developer decided to discontinue further collaboration with Sergey Skuratov Architects, but the concept was approved, and its implementation continues, mostly in accordance with the proposed ideas. The spatial and urban planning dimension – the architects both argue with the city and play along with it, deciphering nuances, and finding axes. And, finally, the tactile dimension – the constructed buildings also have their own intriguing features. Thus, this article also has two parts: it dwells on what has been built and what was conceived
New “Flight”
Architects from “Mezonproject” have developed a project for the reconstruction of the regional youth center “Polyot”(“Flight”) in the city of Oryol. The summer youth center, built back in the late 1970s, will now become year-round and acquire many additional functions.
The Yauza Towers
In Moscow, there aren’t that many buildings or projects designed by Nikita Yavein and Studio 44. In this article, we present to you the concept of a large multifunctional complex on the Yauza River, located between two parks, featuring a promenade, a crossroads of two pedestrian streets, a highly developed public space, and an original architectural solution. This solution combines a sophisticated, asymmetric façade grid, reminiscent of a game of fifteen puzzle, and bold protrusions of the upper parts of the buildings, completely masking the technical floors and sculpting the complex’s silhouette.