По-русски

Vertical City Experiment

Designed for Hong-Kong by Levon Airapetov and Valeria Preobrazhenskaya, the contest project of a skyscraper continues the search for a fresh view of the architectural matter characteristic of these authors, and at the sane time proposes a new look at the grammar of the high-rise architecture.

10 July 2014
Object
mainImg
Originally, the project was developed for the international contest of ideas but, missing the deadlines, the architects finished it in the "paper" capacity, as the concept of the new and unconventional shape of the skyscraper, and showed it at the stand of "Archcatalogue" at "Arch
Moscow" fair.


Project of the skyscraper upon the Arcology concept for Hong-Kong. 2014 © TOTEMENT / PAPER

According to the terms and conditions of the contest that took place this spring, the participants were to propose a design of a high-rise building that will be built in one of the most high-profile places of Hong-Kong, on the shore next to the Expo Center. The skyscraper was not to be just excellent but "arcological" - meaning, answering the Arcology concept - which was proposed by the architect Paolo Soleri back in 1969, he started to implement it at that time but never finished it - this concept is still to be found more in sci-fi books and movies than in the architecture, which is admitted in their brief, repeating the Wikipedia, by the authors of the contest concept. According to this semi-sci-fi concept (the word is actually a combination of "architecture" and "ecology"), the building must be completely self-sufficient and fully capable of serving itself, being "passive", causing no harm to nature, and including everything necessary for normal life. The main thing (that actually makes the concept particularly "sci-fi") about this building is that besides the traditional for any contemporary mixed-use complex residential premises, offices, and public spaces, the building must also has in it agricultural farms providing the entire place with food. According to the Soleri concept, the "arcological" building does not necessarily have to be a skyscraper, but Hong-Kong is a high-rise city, and required particularly a super-skyscraper, i.e. a building no less than 300 meters tall. 

As an answer to this challenge, the architects of TOTEMENT/PAPER (with considerable input from the bureau's young architect Egor Legkov - stress the bureau's leaders Levon Airapetov and Valeria Preobrazhenskaya) proposed a skyscraper totally unlike the "usual" high-rises of the modern world. They remembered and developed an idea of their own, one that they had already tried with the project of an expo and business center in Sakhalin - it consists in the fact that the architectural matter is formed in accordance with a specific plastic "code". In this case, just like at Sakhalin, the space and the plastics are formed by the multiply repeated cones of different sizes, some of which are turned upside down, i.e. they are narrowing downwards. Thus, the plan of the building consists of numerous circles, the vertical outlines are slanted, and the dissection of any constituent part by a vertical surface turns out parabolic. By using this technique, the architects get a rather broad range of unconventional shapes, setting, as the basis of their plastic code, but a single and clearly readable unit of a cone. 


"Stereotonomy" layout © TOTEMENT / PAPER

However, a more important technique in this project (just as in the Sakhalin one) is not the cone as such but its section. The authors gave their main technique a name of "stereotonomy" that they literally decipher as "dissection of a volume": the city matter that consists of conical buildings and spaces between them is dissected by planes at the borders of the land site - like Swiss cheese or a piece if water-melon cut out from the whole. Such an approach - and the architects specifically stress this - allows for an indefinite development broadways: let us imagine a city the blocks of which consist of cone-shaped buildings, rather closely placed on green lawns - a forest of sorts of "tree-trunk" houses, dissected by the streets, and where the red line of the site runs over the mass of the cone, they grow into one another, forming a surface with parabolic outlines. This approach is opposed to the classical "square block" one where the houses are built along the perimeter of the land site, and, at the same time, the freedom of section allows to inscribe such "urban matter" into any street grid. 


"Stereotonomy" layout © TOTEMENT / PAPER


Section views of the floors © TOTEMENT / PAPER


The sucession of forming the "vertical block" in the project © TOTEMENT / PAPER


"Stereotonomy" layout © TOTEMENT / PAPER

Still more important here is the vertical development of this idea. At this point, the "tectonics" comes into play: the 17-story cone houses plus the tall upper and lower tiers (their facades are designed in the form of diagonal girders, the idea being both feasible and expressive). Each group of the houses rests on a single-piece stylobate that has three agricultural tiers in it (there are fish farms, kitchen gardens, and even dairy farms), each tire supporting another one of the same kind. This pattern is repeated four times: the "column" houses placed in a dense hypostyle five ones per tier carry the next stylobate with similar cone-shaped buildings. The buildings of the lower block are occupied by offices, the two middle ones - by apartments, and the top one, two hundred meter high, includes the hotels. Such "city" designed by TOTEMENT architects, is capable of duplicating itself not only broadways but upward as well. The authors call their concept a "vertical quarter"; it looks as if somebody cut out from the city pieces of the "soil", including the agricultural basis below and all the houses that grew out of it - all these things are put in a stack, entwined into a 3D grid, strengthened by common vertical communications (that also serve as the stiffeners). 


Section view © TOTEMENT / PAPER


Axonometric perspective © TOTEMENT / PAPER


Silhouette of the building © TOTEMENT / PAPER


Structure: levels, platos, glazing © TOTEMENT / PAPER


Structure: screens, lamellae, building structural system, vertical communication © TOTEMENT / PAPER


Wind energy. Balance of the areas.© TOTEMENT / PAPER


Program © TOTEMENT / PAPER


Food and biofuel. Sewage disposal © TOTEMENT / PAPER


Project of the skyscraper upon the Arcology concept for Hong-Kong. 2014 © TOTEMENT / PAPER

"As a rule, the structure of today's skyscrapers is concealed behind the beautiful casing and that is usually sleek and at the same time pretty faceless - explains Levon Airapetov - what's inside is totally unclear, and those who look at such a tower from outside and admire its plastics, are not even supposed to know that. Our solution of the skyscraper is crucially different: this is a vertical city, it is open and not hidden with its structure plainly visible". 


Project of the skyscraper upon the Arcology concept for Hong-Kong. 2014 © TOTEMENT / PAPER

The building's structure is indeed transparent, even windswept; the super-skyscraper gets a new "intermediate" scale: on the one side, it is still a giant, but, on the other side, this "inevitable" gigantism gets fractured, divided into fragments that are accessible to human perception (at any rate, twenty stories are less than a hundred). 

Of course, one cannot claim that the idea of a vertical city is 100% groundbreaking: it was proposed rather a long time ago, just like Soleri's "arcology". The idea of connecting the towers with bridges (well, one will have to move around, say, between the 70th floors), cutting the large volume with openings, or likening a high-rise to a stack of houses climbing upward on one another's shoulders is not new (see De Rotterdam by Rem Koolhaas or M-City by Vladimir Plotkin). 

At the same time, the TOTEMENT project takes the very principle of a vertical city to a point of ultimate clarity. It looks like a fragment of the ultimate, ready for duplication, city of the future and presents a sketch of a system, in its essence akin to the "quarter" system of some historical city. This, however, is not a version of such a quarter but rather an alternative to it springing out of new conditions. The classic quarter, strictly speaking, also performs the function of the city's "gene code", only not developed by humans but historically formed, the quarter grid being part of the grammar of the language that the city speaks. The TOTEMENT skyscraper offers a different set of rules, to a certain extent hybrid: from the city block the architects borrow the scale of the inner geometry, from the "garden city" - the houses placed on the green park lawn, from the quarter - the subjugation to the plot's boundaries that play the role of "dissecting planes", and, finally, from the skyscraper - the overall tallness, while the city lends the modesty of the tallness of each tier. From the classic architecture - a rather remote likeness of the round buildings with columns. 


Project of the skyscraper upon the Arcology concept for Hong-Kong. 2014 © TOTEMENT / PAPER


Project of the skyscraper upon the Arcology concept for Hong-Kong. 2014 © TOTEMENT / PAPER

The project has a lot of idealism about it, and this is why one would rather treat it as a study, an abstract statement on the subject of the language of architecture - more than a real-life project for any specific place (even though it would really fit in for Hong-Kong and it was really designed for a real-life contest, a contest of ideas, though). There's also something creepy about this gigantism also, especially if one is to think about the prospects of its possible implementation. "The younger members of the bureau were vocal critics of this project, they would even say that it's amoral even to set down to designing such scary giants - confess Levon Airapetov and Valeria Preobrazhenskaya – but to us it was an exciting opportunity to work with the shape". 

Meanwhile, if we are to treat this project as a plastic statement, beyond the context of the future overpopulation of the Earth and the present of the Asian cities (and also the crammed-in areas just outside the Moscow Ring Road) - then the vertical city looks like a brave new attempt at reconciling the magnitude of a super-city and its towers with the humans, setting off the ambitious energy of its verticals with the down-to-earth horizontals of the farming "slabs". The tower in this case is devoid of aspirations to become "a monument to itself", rather, the architects disclose its "anthill" nature. Well, this is quite a sci-fi but nevertheless quite the "arcological" approach; its plastics accurately catch the shift of the accents in the high-rise construction. Because there are basically two meanings about the high-rises: aspirations (the happiness of reaching the highest point that no one else could reach) and the sheer necessity (overpopulation, anthill, and a forest of giant towers obscuring the sunlight). In this case, we see a dialogue of the former and the latter - which is an interesting thing in its own right. 


Project of the skyscraper upon the Arcology concept for Hong-Kong. 2014 © TOTEMENT / PAPER



Project of the skyscraper upon the Arcology concept for Hong-Kong. 2014 © TOTEMENT / PAPER


Project of the skyscraper upon the Arcology concept for Hong-Kong. 2014 © TOTEMENT / PAPER


Project of the skyscraper upon the Arcology concept for Hong-Kong. 2014 © TOTEMENT / PAPER


Project of the skyscraper upon the Arcology concept for Hong-Kong. 2014 © TOTEMENT / PAPER


Project of the skyscraper upon the Arcology concept for Hong-Kong. 2014 © TOTEMENT / PAPER


Plan: the level of bio farms © TOTEMENT / PAPER


Plan: apartments and park © TOTEMENT / PAPER

Plan: courtyard © TOTEMENT / PAPER
Project of the skyscraper upon the Arcology concept for Hong-Kong. 2014 © TOTEMENT / PAPER
"Stereotonomy" layout © TOTEMENT / PAPER
zooming
"Stereotonomy" layout © TOTEMENT / PAPER
Section views of the floors © TOTEMENT / PAPER
The sucession of forming the "vertical block" in the project © TOTEMENT / PAPER
"Stereotonomy" layout © TOTEMENT / PAPER
Section view © TOTEMENT / PAPER
Axonometric perspective © TOTEMENT / PAPER
Silhouette of the building © TOTEMENT / PAPER
Structure: levels, platos, glazing © TOTEMENT / PAPER
Structure: screens, lamellae, building structural system, vertical communication © TOTEMENT / PAPER
Wind energy. Balance of the areas.© TOTEMENT / PAPER
Program © TOTEMENT / PAPER
Food and biofuel. Sewage disposal © TOTEMENT / PAPER
Project of the skyscraper upon the Arcology concept for Hong-Kong. 2014 © TOTEMENT / PAPER
Project of the skyscraper upon the Arcology concept for Hong-Kong. 2014 © TOTEMENT / PAPER
zooming
Project of the skyscraper upon the Arcology concept for Hong-Kong. 2014 © TOTEMENT / PAPER
Project of the skyscraper upon the Arcology concept for Hong-Kong. 2014 © TOTEMENT / PAPER
zooming
Project of the skyscraper upon the Arcology concept for Hong-Kong. 2014 © TOTEMENT / PAPER
zooming
Project of the skyscraper upon the Arcology concept for Hong-Kong. 2014 © TOTEMENT / PAPER
zooming
Project of the skyscraper upon the Arcology concept for Hong-Kong. 2014 © TOTEMENT / PAPER
zooming
Project of the skyscraper upon the Arcology concept for Hong-Kong. 2014 © TOTEMENT / PAPER
zooming
Project of the skyscraper upon the Arcology concept for Hong-Kong. 2014 © TOTEMENT / PAPER
zooming
Project of the skyscraper upon the Arcology concept for Hong-Kong. 2014 © TOTEMENT / PAPER
Plan: the level of bio farms © TOTEMENT / PAPER
Plan: apartments and park © TOTEMENT / PAPER
Plan: courtyard © TOTEMENT / PAPER


10 July 2014

Headlines now
Living in the Architecture of One’s Own Making
Do architects design houses for themselves? You bet! In this article, we are examining a new book by TATLIN publishing house. This book – unprecedented for Russia – features 52 private homes designed and built by contemporary architects for themselves. It includes houses that are famous, even iconic, as well as lesser-known ones; large and small, stylish and eccentric. To some extent, the book reflects the history of Russian architecture over the past 30 years.
A City Block Isoline
Another competition project for a residential complex on the banks of the Volga in Nizhny Novgorod has been prepared by Studio 44. A team of architects led by Ivan Kozhin concluded that using a regular block layout in such a location would be inappropriate and developed a “custom design” approach: a chain of parceled multi-section buildings stretching along the entire embankment. Let’s explore the features and advantages of this unconventional method.
Competition: The Price of Creativity?
Any day now, we’re expecting the results of a competition held by the “Samolet” development group for a plot in Kommunarka. In the meantime, we share the impressions of Editor-in-Chief Julia Tarabarina, who managed to conduct a public talk. Though technically focused on the interaction between developers and architects, the public talk turned into a discussion about the pros and cons of architectural competitions.
Terraced Design
The “River Park” residential complex has confidently and securely shaped the Nagatinsky Backwater shoreline. Featuring a public embankment, elevated courtyards connected by pedestrian bridges, and brick façades, the development invites exploration of its nuanced response to the surrounding context, as well as hints of the architects’ megalithic design thinking.
A Kremlin’s Core and Meteorite Fragments
We continue our coverage of the competition projects for the residential district that the development company GloraX plans to build along the embankment of the Rowing Channel in Nizhny Novgorod. ASADOV Architects approached the concept through a deep dive into local identity, using storytelling to pinpoint a central idea for the design: the master plan and composition are imagined as if a meteorite had struck a “proto-Kremlin”. Sounds weird? Find more details below!
The Volga Regatta
GloraX plans to develop a residential complex spanning 14 hectares along the Volga River in Nizhny Novgorod. The winning design in a closed-door competition, created by GORA Architects, features housing typologies ranging from townhouses to terraced high-rise slabs, a balance of functions, diverse ways of engaging with the water, and even a dedicated island (no less!) for the city residents.
Life Plans
The master plan for the residential district “Prityazheniye” (“Gravity”) in Naberezhnye Chelny was developed by the architectural company A.Len, taking into account the specific urban planning context and partially implemented solutions of the first phase. However, the master plan prioritized its own values: a green framework, a system of focal points, a hierarchy of spaces, and pedestrian priority. After this, the question of what residents will do in their neighborhood simply doesn’t arise.
A New Track
We took a thorough look at D_Station, a railcar repair depot dating back to 1906, recently reconstructed while preserving its century-old industrial structure, upon the project by Sergey Trukhanov and T+T Architects. Though work on the interiors – set to house restaurants and public spaces – is still underway, the building’s exterior already offers plenty to see. Visitors can explore the blend of old and new brickwork, appreciate the architect’s unique interpretation of ruin aesthetics, and enjoy the newly built pedestrian route that connects the Citydel Business Center’s arches to Kazakova Street.
Four Different Surveys
The “Explore the City” competition, organized this year by the Genplan Institute of Moscow, stands out as a pretty unconventional one for the architectural field but aligns perfectly well with the character of urban planning work. The winning project analyzed contemporary residential complexes, combining urban planning insights with a realtor’s perspective to propose a hybrid approach. Other entries explored public centers, motivations for car ownership, and housing vacancy rates. A fifth participant withdrew. Here’s a closer look at the four completed works.
Scheduled Evolution
ASADOV Architects unveiled the EvyCenter pavilion, a microcultural hub for fostering personal growth, organizing workshops, and doing gymnastics. Additionally, this pavilion serves as a prototype for a scalable country house, drawing inspiration from the “Loskutok” project, and constructed from CLT panels in a factory. This marks the beginning of a developer project initiated by the architectural firm (sic!), which is seeking partners to expand both small Evy settlements and even larger Evy cities, which are, according to Andrey Asadov, aimed at fostering the “evolutionary” development of the people who will inhabit them.
The Golden Crown
The concept for a dental clinic in Yekaterinburg, developed by CNTR Studio, revolves around the idea of a “mouth full of gold”: pristine white porcelain stoneware walls are complemented by matte brass details. To avoid an overly literal interpretation, the architects focused on the building’s proportions, skillfully navigating between sunlight requirements and fire safety regulations.
Flexibility and Integration
Not long ago, we covered the project for the fourth phase of the ÁLIA residential complex, designed by APEX. Now, we’ve been shown different fence concepts they developed to enclose the complex’s private courtyards, incorporating a variety of public functions. We believe that the sheer fact that the complex’s architects were involved in such a detail as fencing speaks volumes.
A Step Forward
The HIDE residential complex represents a major milestone for ADM architects and their leaders Andrey Romanov and Ekaterina Kuznetsova in their quest for a fresh high-rise aesthetic – one that is flexible and layered, capable of bringing vibrancy to mass and silhouette while shaping form. Over recent years, this approach has become ADM’s “signature style”, with the golden HIDE tower playing a pivotal role in its evolution. Here, we delve into the project’s story, explore the details of the complex’s design, and uncover its core essence.
Gold in the Sands
A new office for a transcontinental company specializing in resource extraction and processing has opened in Dubai. Designed by T+T Architects, masters of creating spaces that are contemporary, diverse, flexible, and original, this project exemplifies their expertise. On the executive floor, a massive brass-clad partition dominates, while layered textures of compressed earth create a contextually resonant backdrop.
Layers and Levels of Flight
This project goes way back – Reserve Union won this architectural competition at the end of 2011, and the building was completed in 2018, so it’s practically “archival”. However, despite being relatively unknown, the building can hardly be considered “dated” and remains a prime example of architectural expression, particularly in the headquarters genre. And it’s especially fitting for an aviation company office. In some ways, it resembles the Aeroflot headquarters at Sheremetyevo but with its own unique identity, following the signature style of Vladimir Plotkin. In this article, we take an in-depth look at the United Aircraft Corporation (UAC) headquarters in the Moscow agglomeration town of Zhukovsky, supplemented by recent photographs from Alexey Naroditsky – a shoot that became only recently possible due to the fact that improvements were finally made in the surrounding area.
Light and Shadow
In this article, we delve into the architectural design of the “Chaika” house by DNK ag architects, which was recently completed in 2023 as part of the collection of signature designs at ZILArt. As is well-known, all the buildings in this complex follow a design code, yet each one is distinct. This particular building stands out not only for its whiteness and minimalism but also for the refined use of a limited number of techniques that, together, create what can confidently be called synergy.
Casus Novae
A master plan was developed for a large residential area with a name of “DNS City”, but now that its implementation began, the plan has been arbitrarily reformatted and replaced with something that, while similar on the surface, is actually quite different. This is not the first time such a thing happens, but it’s always frustrating. With permission from the author, we are sharing Maria Elkina’s post.
Treasure Hunting
The GAFA bureau, in collaboration with Tegola and Arkhitail, organized an expedition to the island of Kilpola in Karelia as part of Moskomarkhitektura’s “Open City” festival. There, amidst moss and rocks, the students sought answers to questions like: what is the sacred, where does it dwell, and what sustains it? Assisting the participants in this quest were landscape engineer Evgeny Levin, artist Nicholas Roerich, a moose, and the lack of cellular connection. Here’s how the story unfolded.
Depths of the Earth, Streams of Water
In the Malaya Okhta district, the Akzent building, designed by Stepan Liphart, was constructed. It follows a classic tripartite structure, yet it’s what you might call “hand-drawn”: each façade is unique in its form and details, some of which aren’t immediately noticeable. In this article, we explore the context and, together with the architect, delve into how the form was developed.
Fir Tree Dynamics
The “Airports of Region” holding is planning to build an airport in Karachay-Cherkessia, aiming to make the Arkhyz and Dombay resorts more accessible to travelers. The project that won in an invitation-only competition, submitted by Sergey Nikeshkin’s KPLN, blends natural imagery inspired by the shape of a conifer seed, open-air waiting spaces, majestic large trees, and a green roof elevated on needle-like columns. The result is both nature-inspired and WOW.
​A Brick Shell
In the process of designing a clubhouse situated among pine trees in a prestigious suburban area near Moscow, the architectural firm “A.Len” did the façade design part. The combination of different types of brick and masonry correlates with the volumetric and plastique solutions, further enhanced by the inclusion of wood-painted fragments and metal “glazing”.
Word Forms
ATRIUM architects love ambitious challenges, and for the firm’s thirtieth anniversary, they boldly play a game of words with an exhibition that dives deep into a self-created vocabulary. They immerse their projects – especially art installations – into this glossary, as if plunging into a current of their own. You feel as if you’re flowing through the veins of pure art, immersed in a universe of vertical cities, educational spaces – of which the architects are true masters – and the cultural codes of various locations. But what truly captivates is the bold statement that Vera Butko and Anton Nadtochy make, both through their work and this exhibition: architecture, above all, is art – the art of working with form and space.
Flexibility and Acuteness of Modernity
Luxurious, fluid, large “kokoshniks” and spiral barrel columns, as if made from colorful chewing gum: there seem to be no other mansion like this in Moscow, designed in the “Neo-Russian-Modern” style. And the “Teremok” on Malaya Kaluzhskaya, previously somewhat obscure, has “come alive with new colors” and gained visibility after its restoration for the office of the “architectural ecosystem” as the architects love to call themselves. It’s evident that Julius Borisov and the architects at UNK put their hearts into finding this new office and bringing it up to date. Let’s delve into the paradoxes of this mansion’s history and its plasticity. Spoiler: two versions of modernity meet here, both balancing on the razor’s edge of “what’s current”.
Yuri Vissarionov: “A modular house does not belong to the land”
It belongs to space, or to the air... It turns out that 3D printing is more effective when combined with a modular approach: the house is built in a workshop and then adapted to the site, including on uneven terrain. Yuri Vissarionov shares his latest experience in designing tourist complexes, both in central Russia and in the south. These include houseboats, homes printed from lightweight concrete using a 3D printer, and, of course, frame houses.
​Moscow’s First
“The quality of education largely depends on the quality of the educational environment”. This principle of the last decade has been realized by Sergey Skuratov in the project for the First Moscow Gymnasium on Rostovskaya Embankment in the Khamovniki district. The building seamlessly integrates into the complex urban landscape, responding both to the pedestrian flow of the city and the quiet alleyways. It skillfully takes advantage of the height differences and aligns with modern trends in educational space design. Let’s take a closer look.
Looking at the Water
The site of Villa Sonata stretches from the road to the water’s edge, offering its own shoreline, pier, and a picturesque river panorama. To reveal these sweeping views, Roman Leonidov “cut” the façade diagonally parallel to the river, thus getting two main axes for the house and, consequently, “two heads”. The internal core – two double-height spaces, a living room and a conservatory, with a “bridge” above them – makes the house both “transparent” and filled with light.
The White Wing
Well, it’s not exactly white. It’s more of a beige, white-stone structure that plays with the color of limestone – smoother surfaces are lighter, while rougher ones are darker. This wing unites various elements: it absorbs and interprets the surrounding themes. It responds to everything, yet maintains a cohesive expression – a challenging task! – while also incorporating recognizable features of its own, such as the dynamic cuts at the bottom, top, and middle.
Urban Dunes
The XSA Ramps team designed and built a three-part sports hub for a park in Rostov-on-Don, welcoming people of all ages and fitness levels. The skate plaza, pump track, and playground are all meticulously crafted with details that attract a diverse range of visitors. The technical execution of the shapes and slopes transforms this space into a kind of sculptural composition.
Proportional Growth
The project for the fourth phase of the ÁLIA residential area has been announced. The buildings are situated on an elongated plot – almost a “ray” that shoots out from the center of the area towards the river. Their layout reflects both a response to Moscow’s architectural preferences over the past 15 years, shifting “from blocks to towers”, and an interpretation of the neighboring business park designed by SOM. Additionally, the best apartments here are not located at the very top but closer to the middle, forming a glowing “waistline”.
The “Staircase” Building
In designing the “Details” residential complex in New Moscow, Rais Baishev spiced up the now-popular Moscow theme of a “courtyard” building with an idea drawn from the surrealist drawings by Maurits Escher. He envisioned the stepped silhouettes and descending slopes as a metaphysical mega-staircase, creating a key void within the courtyard that gave the project an internal “spine”. This concept is felt both in the building’s silhouette and on its façades.