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​The Aperture Effect

For a housing complex built in the town of Pushkino in the Moscow metropolitan area, KPLN Architects designed facades that adjust the stream of light by using the wall geometry.

04 August 2020
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The new Quarter 31 of the Moscow area’s Pushkino, in which KPLN Architects designed a namesake housing complex, is being formed in the central part of the town, on the land site between the water body buffer zone of the Serebryanka River on one side and the Yaroslavl Highway on the other. The natural lowering of the terrain towards the river is more than three meters here; the architects level it out by virtue of a 1- and 2-level podium, upon which they place four 23-story towers. They are almost symmetrical, for the sole exception of one of them that turns on its axis following the bend of the Yaroslavl Highway that cuts off here the even border of the site, and is “at odds” with the overall pristine composition. Which is for the better, really: thanks to this, more dynamic views appear along the highway.

"31 Kvartal« (»Quarter 31") housing complex
Copyright: © Architectural Bureau KPLN


The towers are placed on the corners of the almost-square land site, leaving vacant the territory on top of the podium; in the center between them runs something like a pedestrian promenade that descends to the river in broad staircases – the authors of the project were able to convince the developer in the value of keeping the territory of the complex transparent. Across the promenade, the stylobate is dissected with overlapping rings of trails and flowerbeds. The residents of the complex have their access to the stylobate through extra lobbies on the second-floor level, while the main entrance groups of the residential buildings are designed outside at zero elevation.

The masterplan. "31 Kvartal« (»Quarter 31") housing complex
Copyright: © Architectural Bureau KPLN


The clear and simple symmetry of the composition is something that the architects turn into an artistic technique. The achromatic colors that they chose for the facade highlights the volumes creating an effect of a graphic image. From three sides, the towers are white, while all the north facades “yawn” with full-black surfaces. The effect is strengthened by horizontal inserts made from polished stainless steel panels, in which the wall literally disappears.

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    "31 Kvartal« (»Quarter 31") housing complex
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    "31 Kvartal« (»Quarter 31") housing complex
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    "31 Kvartal« (»Quarter 31") housing complex
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    "31 Kvartal« (»Quarter 31") housing complex
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    "31 Kvartal« (»Quarter 31") housing complex
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    "31 Kvartal« (»Quarter 31") housing complex
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The grid of the other three facades, the light-colored ones, is also far from uniform. The architects use “gradient” fracturing of the window rhythm: towards the south side, the glazed surfaces of the buildings become denser, while the windows grow wider, turning into “glazed corners”, even though it’s just two windows coming together. This way, when you look at the building from a distance, there appears an effect of a shift in the regular grid, which, combined with the mirror metal inserts, destroys the monotony, otherwise inevitable under such a modest range of media of expression that today’s commercial development can afford.

"31 Kvartal« (»Quarter 31") housing complex
Copyright: © Architectural Bureau KPLN


The urge to break down the monotonous wall mass also manifests itself in the way the architects highlight the pedestrian level by plastique means. For example, the two bottom floors on the outside of the complex, designed for the commercial functions, are united by the brick theme, whose texture presents a sharp contrast to the main smooth surface of the fiber cement panels. Brick is also used in the vertical pylons and the massive “cornice” that separates the bottom part and the residential floors. 

The task of the brick portals. "31 Kvartal« (»Quarter 31") housing complex
Copyright: © Architectural Bureau KPLN


The main plastique theme of the facade mass – triangular pylons in the piers between the windows – is continued the entire height of the building. The pylons are made of tilted fiber cement panels and are complemented by chamfered window sashes in the bottom part. As a result, the facade grid forms something like “funnels” around the windows, which are turned to catch as much sunshine as possible, and, according to the architects, ensure maximum insolation.

Opening up the facades towards maximum light catching sunshine by using the geometry of the piers, the architects use a technique that makes one remember the aperture – a circular opening in the photo camera, which adjusts the stream of light getting inside.

The risky combination of black and white, sharpened by pristine geometric lines, strengthens the associations with photography or monochrome graphics. Making the stylobate black and putting upon it towers white on three sides, the architects achieve both a tectonic feel and visually lighten up the silhouette as well. The volumes, thanks to the pylons in the bottom floors, look as if they stand on “legs”, and, behold, the 23-story high-rise buildings no longer look all that massive, and the territory at their base looks comfortable and well-developed. This, of course, is also achieved due to the window shop glazing in the bottom floors and detailed decoration, specifically a special volumetric brickwork pattern.

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    “Quarter 31” housing complex
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    "31 Kvartal« (»Quarter 31") housing complex
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    "31 Kvartal« (»Quarter 31") housing complex
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    "31 Kvartal« (»Quarter 31") housing complex
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Most of the stylobate is occupied by a parking garage, but at the basis of the buildings that are closer to the river, there are also a children’s club, a coworking space, and a cafe, with a gym on either side.

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    The facade inn grid. "31 Kvartal« (»Quarter 31") housing complex
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    Facade in grid 1.1-4.9. "31 Kvartal« (»Quarter 31") housing complex
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    "31 Kvartal« (»Quarter 31") housing complex
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    "31 Kvartal« (»Quarter 31") housing complex
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    Section view 1-1. "31 Kvartal« (»Quarter 31") housing complex
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    Section view 2-2. "31 Kvartal« (»Quarter 31") housing complex
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    Development drawing of the facades along the Yaroslavl Highway. "31 Kvartal« (»Quarter 31") housing complex
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    "31 Kvartal« (»Quarter 31") housing complex
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    "31 Kvartal« (»Quarter 31") housing complex
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The staircases, with which the stylobate descends to the recreation area by the water, are highlighted by unusual wedge-shaped greenery. Continuing the general “geometric” theme in the landscaping project, the architects added “lawn wedges” on the slopes, forming yet another rhythmic highlight in the composition.
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    Simplified plan at elevation -3.600."31 Kvartal« (»Quarter 31") housing complex
    Copyright: © Architectural Bureau KPLN
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    Simplified plan of the floor at elevation -0.300. "31 Kvartal« (»Quarter 31") housing complex
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    Simplified plan of the underground mechanical rooms at elevation -5.650. "31 Kvartal« (»Quarter 31") housing complex
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    Simplified plan of the lower mechanical area at elevation +2.550 and +4.450. "31 Kvartal« (»Quarter 31") housing complex
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    Simplified plan of the 3rd residential floor. "31 Kvartal« (»Quarter 31") housing complex
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04 August 2020

Headlines now
The Golden Crown
The concept for a dental clinic in Yekaterinburg, developed by CNTR Studio, revolves around the idea of a “mouth full of gold”: pristine white porcelain stoneware walls are complemented by matte brass details. To avoid an overly literal interpretation, the architects focused on the building’s proportions, skillfully navigating between sunlight requirements and fire safety regulations.
Flexibility and Integration
Not long ago, we covered the project for the fourth phase of the ÁLIA residential complex, designed by APEX. Now, we’ve been shown different fence concepts they developed to enclose the complex’s private courtyards, incorporating a variety of public functions. We believe that the sheer fact that the complex’s architects were involved in such a detail as fencing speaks volumes.
A Step Forward
The HIDE residential complex represents a major milestone for ADM architects and their leaders Andrey Romanov and Ekaterina Kuznetsova in their quest for a fresh high-rise aesthetic – one that is flexible and layered, capable of bringing vibrancy to mass and silhouette while shaping form. Over recent years, this approach has become ADM’s “signature style”, with the golden HIDE tower playing a pivotal role in its evolution. Here, we delve into the project’s story, explore the details of the complex’s design, and uncover its core essence.
Gold in the Sands
A new office for a transcontinental company specializing in resource extraction and processing has opened in Dubai. Designed by T+T Architects, masters of creating spaces that are contemporary, diverse, flexible, and original, this project exemplifies their expertise. On the executive floor, a massive brass-clad partition dominates, while layered textures of compressed earth create a contextually resonant backdrop.
Layers and Levels of Flight
This project goes way back – Reserve Union won this architectural competition at the end of 2011, and the building was completed in 2018, so it’s practically “archival”. However, despite being relatively unknown, the building can hardly be considered “dated” and remains a prime example of architectural expression, particularly in the headquarters genre. And it’s especially fitting for an aviation company office. In some ways, it resembles the Aeroflot headquarters at Sheremetyevo but with its own unique identity, following the signature style of Vladimir Plotkin. In this article, we take an in-depth look at the United Aircraft Corporation (UAC) headquarters in the Moscow agglomeration town of Zhukovsky, supplemented by recent photographs from Alexey Naroditsky – a shoot that became only recently possible due to the fact that improvements were finally made in the surrounding area.
Light and Shadow
In this article, we delve into the architectural design of the “Chaika” house by DNK ag architects, which was recently completed in 2023 as part of the collection of signature designs at ZILArt. As is well-known, all the buildings in this complex follow a design code, yet each one is distinct. This particular building stands out not only for its whiteness and minimalism but also for the refined use of a limited number of techniques that, together, create what can confidently be called synergy.
Casus Novae
A master plan was developed for a large residential area with a name of “DNS City”, but now that its implementation began, the plan has been arbitrarily reformatted and replaced with something that, while similar on the surface, is actually quite different. This is not the first time such a thing happens, but it’s always frustrating. With permission from the author, we are sharing Maria Elkina’s post.
Treasure Hunting
The GAFA bureau, in collaboration with Tegola and Arkhitail, organized an expedition to the island of Kilpola in Karelia as part of Moskomarkhitektura’s “Open City” festival. There, amidst moss and rocks, the students sought answers to questions like: what is the sacred, where does it dwell, and what sustains it? Assisting the participants in this quest were landscape engineer Evgeny Levin, artist Nicholas Roerich, a moose, and the lack of cellular connection. Here’s how the story unfolded.
Depths of the Earth, Streams of Water
In the Malaya Okhta district, the Akzent building, designed by Stepan Liphart, was constructed. It follows a classic tripartite structure, yet it’s what you might call “hand-drawn”: each façade is unique in its form and details, some of which aren’t immediately noticeable. In this article, we explore the context and, together with the architect, delve into how the form was developed.
Fir Tree Dynamics
The “Airports of Region” holding is planning to build an airport in Karachay-Cherkessia, aiming to make the Arkhyz and Dombay resorts more accessible to travelers. The project that won in an invitation-only competition, submitted by Sergey Nikeshkin’s KPLN, blends natural imagery inspired by the shape of a conifer seed, open-air waiting spaces, majestic large trees, and a green roof elevated on needle-like columns. The result is both nature-inspired and WOW.
​A Brick Shell
In the process of designing a clubhouse situated among pine trees in a prestigious suburban area near Moscow, the architectural firm “A.Len” did the façade design part. The combination of different types of brick and masonry correlates with the volumetric and plastique solutions, further enhanced by the inclusion of wood-painted fragments and metal “glazing”.
Word Forms
ATRIUM architects love ambitious challenges, and for the firm’s thirtieth anniversary, they boldly play a game of words with an exhibition that dives deep into a self-created vocabulary. They immerse their projects – especially art installations – into this glossary, as if plunging into a current of their own. You feel as if you’re flowing through the veins of pure art, immersed in a universe of vertical cities, educational spaces – of which the architects are true masters – and the cultural codes of various locations. But what truly captivates is the bold statement that Vera Butko and Anton Nadtochy make, both through their work and this exhibition: architecture, above all, is art – the art of working with form and space.
Flexibility and Acuteness of Modernity
Luxurious, fluid, large “kokoshniks” and spiral barrel columns, as if made from colorful chewing gum: there seem to be no other mansion like this in Moscow, designed in the “Neo-Russian-Modern” style. And the “Teremok” on Malaya Kaluzhskaya, previously somewhat obscure, has “come alive with new colors” and gained visibility after its restoration for the office of the “architectural ecosystem” as the architects love to call themselves. It’s evident that Julius Borisov and the architects at UNK put their hearts into finding this new office and bringing it up to date. Let’s delve into the paradoxes of this mansion’s history and its plasticity. Spoiler: two versions of modernity meet here, both balancing on the razor’s edge of “what’s current”.
Yuri Vissarionov: “A modular house does not belong to the land”
It belongs to space, or to the air... It turns out that 3D printing is more effective when combined with a modular approach: the house is built in a workshop and then adapted to the site, including on uneven terrain. Yuri Vissarionov shares his latest experience in designing tourist complexes, both in central Russia and in the south. These include houseboats, homes printed from lightweight concrete using a 3D printer, and, of course, frame houses.
​Moscow’s First
“The quality of education largely depends on the quality of the educational environment”. This principle of the last decade has been realized by Sergey Skuratov in the project for the First Moscow Gymnasium on Rostovskaya Embankment in the Khamovniki district. The building seamlessly integrates into the complex urban landscape, responding both to the pedestrian flow of the city and the quiet alleyways. It skillfully takes advantage of the height differences and aligns with modern trends in educational space design. Let’s take a closer look.
Looking at the Water
The site of Villa Sonata stretches from the road to the water’s edge, offering its own shoreline, pier, and a picturesque river panorama. To reveal these sweeping views, Roman Leonidov “cut” the façade diagonally parallel to the river, thus getting two main axes for the house and, consequently, “two heads”. The internal core – two double-height spaces, a living room and a conservatory, with a “bridge” above them – makes the house both “transparent” and filled with light.
The White Wing
Well, it’s not exactly white. It’s more of a beige, white-stone structure that plays with the color of limestone – smoother surfaces are lighter, while rougher ones are darker. This wing unites various elements: it absorbs and interprets the surrounding themes. It responds to everything, yet maintains a cohesive expression – a challenging task! – while also incorporating recognizable features of its own, such as the dynamic cuts at the bottom, top, and middle.
Urban Dunes
The XSA Ramps team designed and built a three-part sports hub for a park in Rostov-on-Don, welcoming people of all ages and fitness levels. The skate plaza, pump track, and playground are all meticulously crafted with details that attract a diverse range of visitors. The technical execution of the shapes and slopes transforms this space into a kind of sculptural composition.
Proportional Growth
The project for the fourth phase of the ÁLIA residential area has been announced. The buildings are situated on an elongated plot – almost a “ray” that shoots out from the center of the area towards the river. Their layout reflects both a response to Moscow’s architectural preferences over the past 15 years, shifting “from blocks to towers”, and an interpretation of the neighboring business park designed by SOM. Additionally, the best apartments here are not located at the very top but closer to the middle, forming a glowing “waistline”.
The “Staircase” Building
In designing the “Details” residential complex in New Moscow, Rais Baishev spiced up the now-popular Moscow theme of a “courtyard” building with an idea drawn from the surrealist drawings by Maurits Escher. He envisioned the stepped silhouettes and descending slopes as a metaphysical mega-staircase, creating a key void within the courtyard that gave the project an internal “spine”. This concept is felt both in the building’s silhouette and on its façades.
Projection of the Quarter
No one doubted that the building that Vladimir Plotkin designed as part of the “Garden Quarters” would be the most modernist of all. And it turned out just that way: while adhering to the common design code, the building successfully combines brick and white stone, rhythmically responding to the neighboring building designed by Ostozhenka, yet tactfully and persistently making a few statements of its own. This includes the projection of the ideal urban development composition “14–9–6”, which can be found right next door, mathematical calculations, including those for various types of terraces (and perhaps the only reminder of the Soviet past of the Kauchuk rubber factory!), and the white “cross-stitch” pattern of the façade grid.
Domus Aurea
In this issue, we examine the “Tessinsky-1” house, designed by Sergey Skuratov and completed in 2023. Located in the middle of the Serebryanicheskaya Embankment district, at the intersection of its main streets, this house assumes a sort of “nodal” role: it not only responds to everything around it and preserves many memories of the former EMA factory within itself, but it weaves all this into a newly directed pattern, reconciling bright “gold” and dark-colored brick, largely with the help of the new, modern-yet-archaic Columba brick, which, come to think about it, is the most precious element here.
The Chimney of Nikola-Lenivets
In this issue, we are examining the “Obelisk House” designed by KATARSIS and built for the Arkhstoyanie 2023 festival. However, it was only finished later on, and this is why we are examining it now. It seems to us that after the “Obelisk House” appeared in Nikola-Lenivets, a dialogue and a few inner connections appeared between the temporary structures built here. These houses no longer look like “accidental neighbors”, more of which below.
​Periscope by the Bay
The jury awarded the second place in the competition for a public and cultural center in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky to the companies GORA (“Mountain”) and M4. In the consortium’s proposal, the building resembles a sperm whale with a calf swimming next to it or a periscope, whose lenses capture the most spectacular views from the surrounding landscape.
From Arcs to Dolmens
While working on the competition project for Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, ASADOV Architects prioritized the value of the natural and urban environment, aiming to preserve the balance of the location while minimizing the resemblance of the volume that they designed to a “traditional building”. The task was challenging, and the architects created three versions, one of which having been developed after the competition, where their main proposal took third place. However, the point of interest here is not the competition result but the continuity of creative thinking.
Hide and Seek
The ID Moskovskiy house, designed by Stepan Liphart in St. Petersburg, in the courtyards near Moskovskiy Avenue beyond the Obvodny Canal and recently completed, is notable for several reasons. Firstly, it has been realized with considerable accuracy, which is particularly significant as this is the first building where the architect was responsible not only for the facades but also for the layouts, allowing for better integration between the two. On the other hand, this building is interesting as an example of the “germination” of new architecture in the city: it draws on the best examples from the neighborhood and becomes an improved and developed sum of ideas found by the architect in the surrounding context.
The Big Twelve
Yesterday, the winners of the Moscow Mayor’s Architecture Award were announced and honored. Let’s take a look at what was awarded and, in some cases, even critique this esteemed award. After all, there is always room for improvement, right?
Above the Golden Horn
The residential complex “Philosophy” designed by T+T architects in Vladivostok, is one of the new projects in the “Golubinaya Pad” area, changing its development philosophy (pun intended) from single houses to a comprehensive approach. The buildings are organized along public streets, varying in height and format, with one house even executed in gallery typology, featuring a cantilever leaning on an art object.
Nuanced Alternative
How can you rhyme a square and space? Easily! But to do so, you need to rhyme everything you can possibly think of: weave everything together, like in a tensegrity structure, and find your own optics too. The new exhibition at GES-2 does just that, offering its visitor a new perspective on the history of art spanning 150 years, infused with the hope for endless multiplicity of worlds and art histories. Read on to see how this is achieved and how the exhibition design by Evgeny Ace contributes to it.
Blinds for Ice
An ice arena has been constructed in Domodedovo based on a project by Yuri Vissarionov Architects. To prevent the long façade, a technical requirement for winter sports facilities, from appearing monotonous, the architects proposed the use of suspended structures with multidirectional slats. This design protects the ice from direct sunlight while giving the wall texture and detail.