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From Kaliningrad to Koenigsberg and back

The projects by the finalists of the contest for the development of Kaliningrad's historical center

17 October 2014
Contest Results
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In this issue, we are covering the projects done by the finalists of the international architectural and town-planning contest for the best concept of developing Kaliningrad's city center. The first place was won by the project of "Studio 44" and its leader Nikita Yavein prepared in cooperation with Saint Petersburg's Institute of Territorial Development; this project is covered in this specially dedicated issue. 


Plan of Koenigsberg by Braun, 1581 Source: Town-planning bureau “Heart of the City”, www.tuwangste.ru

The subject of the contest was the King's Mountain (actually, this is how the name of Koenigsberg translates from German) with the remnants of the king's castle founded back in 1255 and its immediate surroundings where during the Middle Ages there were the towns of Alpstadt, Lebenicht, Kneipfhof, and Vorstadt, as well as the Lomse Island lying at the junction of the Old and New Pregola rivers. This oldest district of Koenigsberg was almost completely destroyed by the bombings during the WWII. All that survived was the gothic cathedral on the island (1333–1380) with the grave of Immanuel Kant in it, the building of the Stock Exchange of 1875; the Jewish orphanage of 1904 and a few other buildings. Also, two bridges survived, the Medovy ("Honey") and the Derevyanny ("Wooden") that made the list of the famous seven bridges one had to cross without stepping on a single one of them twice - a problem that was scientifically proved unsolvable in 1736 by Leonhard Euler who concurrently to that developed the theory of graphs and founded the science of topology. 

Today, there is nothing left of Koenigsberg's traditional orthogonal planning grid and its dense array of houses (8,6х9х20 meters, the last figure being the "depth" of the house growing into the land plot); the center of the once-famous city turned into a place bleak and hostile with a giant House of the Soviets standing next to the ruined castle and the high-rises. The contestants had a task of turning this war-mangled territory into something of value, breathe a new live into this land, at the same time connecting it with the past by making its history come alive. 


House of the Soviets. Source: Town-planning bureau “Heart of the City”, www.tuwangste.ru

The second prize was won by the trio of "Devillers et Associes (France) + Off-the-grid + Wall (Russia), and the two other prizes were awarded to Trevor Skempton from Great Britain and HOSPER Sweden from Sweden. In this issue, we are covering all the four projects. 
 
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2nd prize
Koenigsberg-Kaliningrad 
Devillers et Associes (France) + Off-the-grid + Wall (Russia)



Contest project for the best concept of developing Kaliningrad's city center. 2nd place © Devillers et Associes (France) + Off-the-grid + Wall (Russia)

This team decided to pick up and develop the idea of duality of Koenigsberg-Kaliningrad that was proposed by the art critic Ivan Chechot: "Two centers, two cathedrals, two names, two K's (Kant and Kalinin, Kant and Koch, Kleist the writer and Kleist the general), two railway terminals, two lakes...", and give equal rights to the two already-existing city centers (one of them being the trade and business quarter, located in a different part of the city, the other, historical, located at the very heart of it). 

The authors paid a lot of attention to the transportation layout, giving it a "pedestrian-friendly" quality. The three main transport thoroughfares - the Shevchenko Street, and the Moscow and Lenin avenues (just like in the project by HOSPER Sweden) will be turned into boulevards after the construction of the inside ring road. The architects insist on refraining from taking down trestle bridge but propose to improve it by adding broad sidewalks to it and then use it as a sightseeing platform commanding a fine view of the island. 


Contest project for the best concept of developing Kaliningrad's city center. 2nd place © Devillers et Associes (France) + Off-the-grid + Wall (Russia)


Contest project for the best concept of developing Kaliningrad's city center. 2nd place © Devillers et Associes (France) + Off-the-grid + Wall (Russia)

The authors of the project divide the whole territory into seven historical sectors. The main promenade near the Lower Lake will become the place for secluded leisure, quiet rest, and family picnics. The new forum on the central square next to the House of the Soviets becomes the place for the city's public events, and the House of the Soviets itself turns into a sightseeing platform with a panoramic cafe and a large screen for the sports broadcastings and movie showreels. The museum quarter next to the castle ruins becomes a multifunctional cultural center. 


Museum center on the castle ruins. Contest project for the best concept of developing Kaliningrad's city center. 2nd place © Devillers et Associes (France) + Off-the-grid + Wall (Russia)​


Contest project for the best concept of developing Kaliningrad's city center. 2nd place © Devillers et Associes (France) + Off-the-grid + Wall (Russia)

The contemporary architecture of the historical district of Alpstadt is based on revisiting the old European cities with their shops and cafés; the marina next to the embankment, a hostel on the moored boat, and a fish market. Named after Kant, the philosophical park on the Kneiphof Island is meant to become the "place for deep meditation two steps away from the city fuss" with libraries, discussion clubs, musical evenings, and exhibitions organized in the cathedral. The two other territories are the open university on the Kant Square and the "tourist paradise" on the Steindamm Street, the main pedestrian and shopping thoroughfare of the city. 


Contest project for the best concept of developing Kaliningrad's city center. 2nd place © Devillers et Associes (France) + Off-the-grid + Wall (Russia)


Contest project for the best concept of developing Kaliningrad's city center. 2nd place © Devillers et Associes (France) + Off-the-grid + Wall (Russia)


Contest project for the best concept of developing Kaliningrad's city center. 2nd place © Devillers et Associes (France) + Off-the-grid + Wall (Russia)


Contest project for the best concept of developing Kaliningrad's city center. 2nd place © Devillers et Associes (France) + Off-the-grid + Wall (Russia)

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3rd prize
Three towers and one oculus
Trevor Skempton (Great Britain)



Contest project for the best concept of developing Kaliningrad's city center. 3rd place © Trevor Skempton (Great Britain)

What Skempton proposes is to complete the construction of the yet-unfinished House of the Soviets, renting it out to the commercial and governmental offices and augmenting it with two centerpieces, these being two multifunctional towers: "Gothic" 144 meters high and "Classic" 110 meters high, with the height of the House of the Soviets being about 70 meters. Connecting the towers with a multipurpose concert hall on the level of the basement floor, the author gets a "circular square" with a structure of underpasses around it, that he gives the name of "Oculus" and considers a worthy alternative to the long-term investments into the reconstruction of the Moscow and Lenin avenues. His project also provides for separating the pedestrian and the traffic flows, while the two new "centerpiece" towers are connected by the narrow pedestrian streets with the spire of the cathedral on the Kant Island. 


Contest project for the best concept of developing Kaliningrad's city center. 3rd place © Trevor Skempton (Great Britain)

It is planned that some of the houses standing between "Oculus" and the river will be restored, breaking away from the exactitude of the copying wherever necessary in order to fit the main architectural idea or to adjust to the current realities of the river bank. Skempton proposes to make the new houses seven-stories high, organizing on the first floors and in the mezzanines bars and restaurants, on the next two floors - offices, and apartments further up. 

This modernist project is all about the homage to the soviet legacy; there is even something "post-soviet" about it because the construction of the high-rises is combined with the recreation of the lost buildings. 


Contest project for the best concept of developing Kaliningrad's city center. 3rd place © Trevor Skempton (Great Britain)


Contest project for the best concept of developing Kaliningrad's city center. 3rd place © Trevor Skempton (Great Britain)


Contest project for the best concept of developing Kaliningrad's city center. 3rd place © Trevor Skempton (Great Britain)


Contest project for the best concept of developing Kaliningrad's city center. 3rd place © Trevor Skempton (Great Britain)


Contest project for the best concept of developing Kaliningrad's city center. 3rd place © Trevor Skempton (Great Britain)
 
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3rd prize
HOSPER Sweden AB (Sweden)
Co-authors of Mandaworks AB and Andreas Jonasson Arkitektkontor ABC



Contest project for the best concept of developing Kaliningrad's city center. 3rd place © HOSPER Sweden AB (Sweden), co-authors: Mandaworks AB and Andreas Jonasson Arkitektkontor AB

The authors propose a block plan with elements of "green" architecture and thought-out insolation. The blocks consist predominantly of five and six story houses and include elements of green architecture. The project also provides for green plants, good insolation, and actively uses the proximity to the reservoirs. 

The main elements of the public territories are formed by the historical street grid the shape of which is slightly altered in the places where it overlaps with the legacy elements of both Koenigsberg's and the soviet periods. In order to avoid turning the city's downtown area into an isolated structure, the authors propose to continue the block planning in all the directions. 


Contest project for the best concept of developing Kaliningrad's city center. 3rd place © HOSPER Sweden AB (Sweden), co-authors: Mandaworks AB and Andreas Jonasson Arkitektkontor AB

From the city's main thoroughfares, the traffic flows are routed both to the exits and entrances of the distribution road and to the streets of the residential part. Thank to such system, a lot of streets in the central part of the city can become predominantly pedestrian. The traffic-overloaded Lenin and Moscow avenues, as well as the Shevchenko Street, in the future will be turned into green, generally pedestrian, streets with limited automotive traffic. 


Contest project for the best concept of developing Kaliningrad's city center. 3rd place © HOSPER Sweden AB (Sweden), co-authors: Mandaworks AB and Andreas Jonasson Arkitektkontor AB


Contest project for the best concept of developing Kaliningrad's city center. 3rd place © HOSPER Sweden AB (Sweden), co-authors: Mandaworks AB and Andreas Jonasson Arkitektkontor AB


Contest project for the best concept of developing Kaliningrad's city center. 3rd place © HOSPER Sweden AB (Sweden), co-authors: Mandaworks AB and Andreas Jonasson Arkitektkontor AB


Contest project for the best concept of developing Kaliningrad's city center. 3rd place © HOSPER Sweden AB (Sweden), co-authors: Mandaworks AB and Andreas Jonasson Arkitektkontor AB


Contest project for the best concept of developing Kaliningrad's city center. 3rd place © HOSPER Sweden AB (Sweden), co-authors: Mandaworks AB and Andreas Jonasson Arkitektkontor AB

***

The contest for the concept of developing this territory was organized by the non-profit partnership organization "Town-planning Bureau "Heart of the City" at the commission of the government of the Kaliningrad region and with the support of the municipal board "Kaliningrad Urban District".


Contest project for the best concept of developing Kaliningrad's city center. 3rd place © HOSPER Sweden AB (Sweden), co-authors: Mandaworks AB and Andreas Jonasson Arkitektkontor AB


Contest project for the best concept of developing Kaliningrad's city center. 3rd place © HOSPER Sweden AB (Sweden), co-authors: Mandaworks AB and Andreas Jonasson Arkitektkontor AB


Contest project for the best concept of developing Kaliningrad's city center. 3rd place © HOSPER Sweden AB (Sweden), co-authors: Mandaworks AB and Andreas Jonasson Arkitektkontor AB


Contest project for the best concept of developing Kaliningrad's city center. 3rd place © HOSPER Sweden AB (Sweden), co-authors: Mandaworks AB and Andreas Jonasson Arkitektkontor AB


Contest project for the best concept of developing Kaliningrad's city center. 3rd place © HOSPER Sweden AB (Sweden), co-authors: Mandaworks AB and Andreas Jonasson Arkitektkontor AB


Contest project for the best concept of developing Kaliningrad's city center. 3rd place © HOSPER Sweden AB (Sweden), co-authors: Mandaworks AB and Andreas Jonasson Arkitektkontor AB


Contest project for the best concept of developing Kaliningrad's city center. 3rd place © HOSPER Sweden AB (Sweden), co-authors: Mandaworks AB and Andreas Jonasson Arkitektkontor AB
 
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17 October 2014

Headlines now
In Memory of Valery Kanyashin
On Friday, February 27, architect Valery Kanyashin passed away – co-founder of Ostozhenka Architects and the author of many significant buildings in Moscow. We publish a text by Anatoly Belov in memory of Valery Kanyashin.
Hypertext in Space
As part of the exhibition “What We Have We (Do Not) Keep”, Sergey Tchoban, the Museum of Architecture, and the CHART studio experiment with an eco-conscious approach to exhibition design, with thematic cross-references and even with publicistic reflections on the necessity of preserving modernism, the roots of contemporary architecture, and the birth of ideas. All of this makes the exhibition, with its light and transparent design, look quite innovative. The elements – both “material” and conceptual – are familiar, yet their combination is far from conventional.
The Outline of “Foundation”
In their competition proposal for the Fili transport hub, the consortium led by Alexey Ilyin proposed an “inhabited arch” – a form that is simple yet complex. The architects emphasize that even at the competition stage, the project’s feasibility was fully calculated, taking into account the minimal nighttime closures of Bagration Avenue. How was this achieved? With what functions? Let us take a closer look. In our view, the building would have suited the heroes of Isaac Asimov’s Foundation novels perfectly.
The Flying Horizontal
“A house in the spirit of Wright”, as architect Roman Leonidov describes it, pointing to his source of inspiration, was built on a challenging wedge-shaped site. To achieve a sense of intimacy and secure good views from the windows, the entire volume had to be shifted toward the far boundary, turning the house “back” to the neighboring mansions. The main façade demonstrates time-tested techniques often employed by the company: articulated horizontals, a weightless roofline, and a triad of materials – light plaster, dark slate, and warm wood.
Needles of Horizon Contemplation
The “House of Horizons”, designed by Kleinewelt Architekten in Krylatskoye, is carefully thought out at the stereometric level – from the logic of how the volumes interlock (and, conversely, how gaps are articulated between them) to the triangular balconies that give the building its striking, slightly bristling silhouette.
The Red Thread
A linear park project prepared by Alexey Ilyin studio for the improvement of a riverbank in one of the residential districts seeks to reconnect people with nature. Two levels of the embankment invite visitors to contemplate the landscape while at the same time protecting the riverbank from excessive human impact. The “aerial street” links functional zones and the opposite banks, creating new points of attraction along the way: balconies, bridges, and even a “grotto”.
Spindle and Thread
The concept of the Waver residential complex in Yekaterinburg draws inspiration from the past of the Parkovy district. In order to preserve the memory of the late-19th-century flax spinning mill once located here, the architectural company KPLN turns to the theme of textiles and weaving. The project’s main expressive device is a system of ribbons made of perforated weathering steel – a material that, in such volumes, has arguably not yet been used in Russian residential projects.
Woven Into Sokolniki
Over the past few years, high-rise residential construction in former industrial zones has become the main theme of Moscow architecture. Towers are springing up here and there – but the question is what kind of towers they are. The residential complex CODE Sokolniki, designed by Ostozhenka Architects, is a project where every detail has been taken care of. The authors are attentive to the history of the site, the continuity of the urban fabric, the skyline, and visual corridors. They also proposed a motif with the lyrical name “scarf”. We take a closer look at the volumetric composition and the large-scale décor “woven”, in this case, out of terraces and balconies.
The Copper Mirror
The varied-toned sheen of “unsealed” copper, painterly streaks and fingerprints, exposed concrete, and the unusual proportions – when you study the ZILART Museum building by Sergei Tchoban and SPEECH architects, there is plenty to talk about. However, it seems to us that the most interesting thing is how the museum’s composition responds to the realities of the district itself. The residential district has been realized as an open-air exhibition of façade statements by contemporary architects – but without public access to the inner courtyards of the blocks. This building – that is, the museum – is exactly the opposite: on the outside, it is deliberately restrained, while inside it shines spectacularly, creating its own sunbeams in any weather.
“Strangers” in the City
We asked Alexander Skokan for a comment on the results of 2025 – and he sent us a whole article, moreover one devoted to the discussion we recently began on the “appropriateness of high-rises” – or, more broadly speaking, “contrasting insertions into the urban fabric”. The result is a text that is essentially a question: why here? Why like this?
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What we ended up having was an extremely unusual conversation with Dmitry Ostroumov. Why? At the very least, because he is not just an architect specializing in the construction of Orthodox churches. And not just – which is an extreme rarity – a proponent of developing contemporary stylistics within this still highly conservative field. Dmitry Ostroumov is a Master of Theology. So in addition to the history and specifics of the company, we speak about the very concept of the temple, about canon and tradition, about the living and the eternal, and even about the Russian Logos.
A Glazed Figurine
In searching for an image for a residential building near the Novodevichy Convent, GAFA architects turned to their own perception of the place: it evoked associations with antiquity, plein-air painting, and vintage artifacts. The two towers will be entirely clad in volumetric glazed ceramic – at present, there are no other buildings like this in Russia. The complex will also stand out thanks to its metabolic bay-window cells, streamlined surfaces, a ceremonial “hotel-style” driveway, and a lobby overlooking a lush garden.
A Knight’s Move via the Cour d’Honneur
Intercolumnium Architects presented to the City Planning Council a residential complex project that is set to replace the Aquatoria business center on Vyborgskaya Embankment. Experts praised the overall quality of the work, but expressed reservations about the three cour d’honneurs and suggested softening the contrast between the facades facing the embankment and the Kantemirovsky Bridge.
A Small Country
Mezonproekt is developing a long-term master plan for the MEPhI campus in Obninsk. Over the next ten years, an enclave territory of about 100 hectares, located in a forest on the northern edge of the city, is set to transform into a modern center for the development of the nuclear energy sector. The plan envisions attracting international students and specialists, as well as comprehensive territorial development: both through the contemporary realization of “frozen” plans from the 1980s and through the introduction of new trends – public spaces, an aquapark, a food court, a school, and even a nuclear medicine center. Public and sports facilities are intended to be accessible to city residents as well, and the campus is to be physically and functionally connected to Obninsk.
Pearl Divers
GAFA has designed an apartment complex for Derbent intended to switch people from a work mode to a resort mindset – and to give the surrounding area a much-needed jolt. The building offers two distinct faces: restrained and laconic on the city side, and a lushly ornate façade facing the sea. At the heart of the complex, a hidden pearl lies – an open-air pool with an arch, offering views of a starry sky, and providing direct access to the beach.
A Satellite Island
The Genplan Institute of Moscow has prepared a master plan for the development of the Sarpinsky and Golodny island system, located within the administrative boundaries of Volgograd and considered among the largest river islands in Russia. By 2045, the plan envisions the implementation of 15 large-scale investment projects, including sports and educational clusters, a congress center with a “Volgonarium”, a film production cluster, and twenty-one theme parks. We explain which engineering, environmental, and transportation challenges must be addressed to turn this vision into reality. The master plan solutions have already been approved and incorporated into the city’s general development plan.
The Amber Gate
The Amber City residential complex is one of the redevelopment projects in the former industrial area located beyond Moscow’s Third Ring Road near Begovaya metro station. Alexey Ilyin’s studio proposed an original master plan that transformed two clusters of towers into ceremonial propylaea, gave the complex a recognizable silhouette, and established visual connections with new high-rise developments on both right and left – thus integrating it into the scale of the growing metropolis. It is also marked by its own futuristic stylistic language, based on a reinterpreted streamline aesthetic.
A Theater Triangle
The architectural company “Chetvertoe Izmerenie” (“Fourth Dimension”) has developed the design for a new stage of the Magnitogorsk Musical Theater, rethinking not only theater architecture but also the role of the theater in the contemporary city.
Aleksei Ilyin: “I approach every task with genuine interest”
Aleksei Ilyin has been working on major urban projects for more than 30 years. He has all the necessary skills for high-rise construction in Moscow – yet he believes it’s essential to maintain variety in the typologies and scales represented in his portfolio. He is passionate about drawing – but only from life, and also in the process of working on a project. We talk about the structure and optimal size of an office, about his past and current projects, large and small tasks, and about creative priorities.
​A Golden Sunbeam
A compact brick-and-metal building in the growing Shukhov Park in Vyksa seems to absorb sunlight, transform it into yellow accents inside, and in the evening “give it back” as a warm golden glow streaming from its windows. It is, frankly, a very attractive building: both material and lightweight at the same time, with lightness inside and materiality outside. Its form is shaped by function – laconic, yet far from simple. Let’s take a closer look.
Architecton Awards
In 2025, the jury of the Architecton festival reviewed the finalist projects through live, open presentations held right in the exhibition hall – a rather engaging performance, and something rarely seen among Russian awards. It would be great if “Zodchestvo” adopted this format. Below, we present all the winning projects, including four special nominations.
Garden of Knowledge
UNK architects and UNK design created the interiors of the Letovo Junior campus, working together with NF Studio, which was responsible for developing the educational technology that takes into account the needs and perception of younger and middle school children.
The Silver Skates
The STONE Kaluzhskaya office quarter is accompanied by two residential towers, making the complex – for it is indeed a single ensemble – well balanced in functional terms. The architects at Kleinewelt gave the residential buildings a silvery finish to match the office blocks. How they are similar, how they differ, and what “Silver Skates” has to do with it – we explore in this article.
On the Dynastic Trail
The houses and townhouses of the “Tsarskaya Tropа” (“Czar’s Trail”) complex are being built in the village of Gaspra in Crimea – to the west and east of the palaces of the former grand-ducal residence “Ai-Todor”. One of the main challenges for the architects at KPLN, who developed the project, was to respond appropriately to this significant neighboring heritage. How this influenced the massing, the façades, and the way the authors work with the terrain is explored in our article.
A New Path
The main feature of the Yar Park project, designed by Sergey Skuratov for Kazan, is that it is organized along the “spine” of a multifunctional mall with an impressive multi-height atrium space in its middle. The entire site, both on the city side and the Kazanka River embankment, is open to the public. The complex is intended not to become “yet another fenced enclave” but, as urban planners say, a “polycenter” – a new point of attraction for the whole of Kazan, especially its northern part, made up of residential districts that until now have lacked such a vibrant public space. It represents a new urban planning approach to a high-density mixed-use development situated in the city center – in a sense, an “anti-quarter”. Even Moscow, one might say, doesn’t yet have anything quite like it. Well, lucky Kazan!
Beneath the Azure Sky
A depository designed by Studio 44 will soon be built in Kenozersky National Park to preserve and display the so-called “heavens” – ceiling structures characteristic of wooden churches in the Russian North, painted with biblical scenes. For each of these “heavens”, the architects created a volume corresponding in scale and dimensions to the original church interior. The result is a honeycomb-like composition, with modules derived directly from the historic monuments themselves, allowing visitors to view the icons from the historically accurate angle – from below, looking upward. How exactly this works is the subject of our story.
​The Power of Lines
The building at the very beginning of New Arbat is the result of long deliberations over how to replace the former House of Communication. Contemporary, dynamic, and even somewhat zoomorphic in character, it is structured around a large diagonal grid. The building has become a striking accent both in the perspective of the former Kalinin Avenue and in the panorama of Arbat Square. Yet, unfortunately, the original concept was not fully realized. In 2020, the Moscow ArchCouncil approved a design featuring an exoskeleton – an external load-bearing structure, which eventually turned into a purely decorative element. Still, the power of the supergraphic “holds” the building, giving it the qualities of a new urban landmark with iconic potential. How this concept took shape, what unexpected associations might underlie the grid’s form, and why the exoskeleton was never built – all this is explored in our article.
Resort on the Kama River
Wowhaus has developed a project for the reconstruction of Korabelnaya Roshcha (“Mast Grove”), a wellness resort located on the banks of the Kama River.