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Microdynamics of Macroprocesses

Given the proximity of the multifunctional complex SOLOS to Sokolniki Park and to a major transport hub, Kleinewelt Architekten embedded in the design of the two high-rise towers a sense of dynamism more characteristic of natural phenomena than of man-made objects. Without the authors’ diagrams, this logic is not easy to decipher, although the eye immediately detects a pattern and tries to grasp it. It seems to us that one tower contains the impulse of a bud about to open, while the other evokes the movement of a lithospheric plate. Let us try to unravel it together.

09 April 2026
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The land site on which the SOLOS complex is being built lies at the boundary between two environments. One is deeply urbanized – still largely industrial, yet already undergoing transformation. Like a number of other sites within Moscow’s “rust belt”, the Mitkovskaya Branch industrial park (Plot No. 16) has received a planning framework and is now awaiting redevelopment. Nearby, there is a major transport node: the Riga overpass of the Third Ring Road, a “bundle” of railway tracks, and several stations.

The site itself was previously occupied by the design bureau of the helicopter plant named after Mikhail Mil – a late-1970s building that in recent years had been converted into a business center. The 1st Rybinskaya Street, marking the eastern boundary of the site, recalls the Rybinka River, now hidden in underground collectors, and the pre-railway, estate-era history of this part of Moscow. We discussed this past while examining the KOD Sokolniki designed by the Ostozhenka Architects, currently under construction slightly to the east.

The second environment, opposite in character, is Sokolniki Park – one of the largest green areas in Moscow. The future complex is separated from it by Sokolnichesky Val Street and four residential buildings from the 1960s, which are to be demolished as part of the renovation program. Two buildings within SOLOS are intended to accommodate residents relocating from those houses.

The proximity of the park and the dynamics of the large city determined the project’s concept.

© Kleinewelt Architekten
Copyright: Kleinewelt Architekten


In line with this “program”, the complex acquired a two-part structure. The first part is renovation housing: two 24-story buildings located closer to the existing neighborhood fabric. They are connected by a U-shaped stylobate that forms a private courtyard open toward the park. The second part is high-rise and accentual: towers reaching 160 and 190 meters, with more complex architecture, also linked by a stylobate designed to accommodate all the services required for a “city within a city” concept. Between these two types of housing lies a green public space that improves urban permeability, along with a square and a two-story building intended for public use.

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    SOLOS residential complex
    Copyright: Kleinewelt Architekten
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    SOLOS residential complex
    Copyright: Kleinewelt Architekten


SOLOS residential complex
Copyright: Kleinewelt Architekten


All four buildings are placed at the center of an elongated trapezoidal site and oriented meridionally – that is, with their end façades facing the park and the railway. A slight offset relative to one another improves sunlight exposure. Along the side of the Third Ring Road, the stylobates form a continuous street frontage with a promenade boulevard, while on the park side they create green “cour d’honneur” spaces.

SOLOS residential complex
Copyright: Kleinewelt Architekten


As we will see further on, the towers are interpreted differently, yet they are united not only by the shared stylobate, rounded corners, and façade materials. Their form-making embeds a kind of unity of opposites: if one tower evolves from a circular base toward a more rectangular top, increasing in perceived mass, the other demonstrates the opposite movement – created through an optical illusion. In both cases, there is an underlying pattern waiting to be deciphered.

SOLOS residential complex
Copyright: Kleinewelt Architekten


SOLOS residential complex
Copyright: Kleinewelt Architekten


The white tower rises to 49 stories. Its first 11 floors form a stable base, while a regular façade grid wraps the volume all the way to the top, where penthouses are crowned by a broad cornice. A fully glazed “pause” of the mechanical level, along with bands of balconies at the corners, helps reveal the “twist” embedded in the architecture – both as a spiral motion and as an unexpected turn in the narrative. At the very base, an impulse is generated that imparts a “slow” movement to the tower: toward the upper floors, the plan rotates steadily – floor by floor – yet almost imperceptibly for such a large mass. This motion is as real as it is elusive, akin to the shifting of tectonic plates, the growth of a mountain, or changes in the depth of the sea.

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    SOLOS residential complex
    Copyright: Kleinewelt Architekten
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    SOLOS residential complex
    Copyright: Kleinewelt Architekten
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    SOLOS residential complex
    Copyright: Kleinewelt Architekten


SOLOS residential complex
Copyright: Kleinewelt Architekten


SOLOS residential complex
Copyright: Kleinewelt Architekten


There is a further layer of complexity: while the base rotates clockwise, the upper part turns in the opposite direction. This subtle counter-rotation produces an optical effect whereby, depending on the viewpoint, the tower appears either to taper or to gain mass toward its upper levels.

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    SOLOS residential complex
    Copyright: Kleinewelt Architekten
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    SOLOS residential complex
    Copyright: Kleinewelt Architekten
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    SOLOS residential complex
    Copyright: Kleinewelt Architekten


The second tower, fully glazed, also “grows” in a deliberate way. Its base tends toward a circular form, and the first ten floors follow this geometry. Above that, however, from this distinctly rounded volume – like petals emerging from a receptacle – vertical elements rise upward, as if about to unfold. The tectonics of the towers thus embody that oft-mentioned sense of dynamism – but not an urban one; rather, something closer to natural processes, like the gradual awakening of trees in spring.

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    SOLOS residential complex
    Copyright: Kleinewelt Architekten
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    SOLOS residential complex
    Copyright: Kleinewelt Architekten


SOLOS residential complex
Copyright: Kleinewelt Architekten


The discovered forms will be further emphasized by lighting, which plays a special role in this project: 1,300 point and linear fixtures will shift scenarios depending on the time of day. They will also highlight the entrance lobbies and trace the outline of the two-story restaurant building on the central square. The lighting design incorporates energy-saving strategies – LED technology, automated control systems, and the ability to switch off some of the fixtures at night.

SOLOS residential complex
Copyright: Kleinewelt Architekten


The façades are likewise energy-efficient. Double-glazed units filled with argon provide thermal and acoustic insulation, retaining warmth in winter and coolness in summer. A centralized ventilation system with heat recovery and air purification ensures a supply of fresh oxygen without dust or street noise. The complex also implements a “quiet home” concept: all the engineering systems are isolated to prevent vibrations and unwanted sounds.

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    SOLOS residential complex. Facade fragment 1B
    Copyright: Kleinewelt Architekten
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    SOLOS residential complex. Facade fragment 1B. Floor 14, 15
    Copyright: Kleinewelt Architekten
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    SOLOS residential complex. Facade fragment 1B
    Copyright: Kleinewelt Architekten


In total, SOLOS includes 1,598 apartments ranging from 28 to 142 square meters, as well as 16 penthouses with panoramic views. The apartments are distinguished by generous ceiling heights and full-height glazing. The underground level accommodates 584 parking spaces and 426 storage units for seasonal items.

SOLOS residential complex
Copyright: Kleinewelt Architekten


The lobby design was developed by Rymar Studio. Conceived as ceremonial halls, the entrance areas reinforce the architectural concept through the use of light-toned natural materials, fluid lines, and an emphasis on natural light.

SOLOS residential complex. Tower B. Hall
Copyright: © RYMAR.STUDIO


The residential component is complemented by infrastructure designed to eliminate the need to leave the complex for everyday tasks. The stylobate spaces, totaling nearly 8,000 square meters, will house a kindergarten for 75 children, a fitness and wellness center with a swimming pool, offices, as well as grocery shops, wine boutiques, cafés, a dry cleaner, and a pharmacy.

SOLOS residential complex
Copyright: © Kleinewelt Architekten / provided by Dar press service


SOLOS residential complex
Copyright: Kleinewelt Architekten


The landscape design is being developed by Scape. The extensive territory of the quarter – around 20 hectares – will be divided into zones: a landscaped park, a promenade boulevard, a central square with a fountain, outdoor public and business spaces, as well as playgrounds, sports areas, and quiet recreation zones. The proximity of Sokolniki Park, together with new plantings within SOLOS – including mature trees – is intended to create a genuine sense of closeness to nature for the future residents.

The completion of the first phases of the complex is scheduled for the end of 2026.

09 April 2026

Headlines now
Microdynamics of Macroprocesses
Given the proximity of the multifunctional complex SOLOS to Sokolniki Park and to a major transport hub, Kleinewelt Architekten embedded in the design of the two high-rise towers a sense of dynamism more characteristic of natural phenomena than of man-made objects. Without the authors’ diagrams, this logic is not easy to decipher, although the eye immediately detects a pattern and tries to grasp it. It seems to us that one tower contains the impulse of a bud about to open, while the other evokes the movement of a lithospheric plate. Let us try to unravel it together.
The Value of Open Space
For the site near the Barrikadnaya Metro Station, Sergey Skuratov developed five projects between 2020 and 2025. Two of them were ones that won the client’s invitation-only competitions. The fifth was recently selected by the Mayor of Moscow for implementation. The project is vivid and sculptural, expressive, eye-catching, and engaging – very much in line with the spirit of our time. And yet, this project is mid-rise rather than tall. In its northwestern part, near the metro and Druzhinnikovskaya Street, it shapes a comfortable urban environment. On the opposite side, it opens up, allowing sunlight into the courtyard and creating a spatial pause within the dense city fabric. How it is organized, what geometric principles underlie it, and why it takes this form – all this is explored in our article.
Wave and Vertical
The premium residential complex designed by GAFA for a site in the Khoroshevsky District responds to multiple constraints – the arc of a planned roadway, the water protection zone of the Khodynka River, and insolation requirements – through inventive massing. The composition is built on the interplay of two spatial layers: an elongated perimeter block and three towers concealed behind it generate the silhouette and key viewpoints, while also adding semantic depth reinforced by the façade solutions. Another defining feature is a large private courtyard, complemented by a citywide linear park.
Office on Trubnaya
We continue publishing projects by Valery Kanyashin. A building once described, a quarter century ago, as an example of “quiet modernism” has remained just that in some people’s memory. According to Anatoly Belov, its main quality is its unobtrusiveness. The architects from Ostozhenka say the leading role here is played by context and landscape – the change in elevation. Yet is it really so inconspicuous?
The First International
With this publication, we begin a series of texts dedicated to works by the late Valery Kanyashin, one of the founders of Ostozhenka Architects. As it happens, the projects he was involved in largely illustrate our understanding of the firm and its history. The first project in this series is the International Moscow Bank on Prechistenskaya Embankment.
In Memory of Valery Kanyashin
On Friday, February 27, architect Valery Kanyashin passed away – co-founder of Ostozhenka Architects and the author of many significant buildings in Moscow. We publish a text by Anatoly Belov in memory of Valery Kanyashin.
Hypertext in Space
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The Outline of “Foundation”
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The Flying Horizontal
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Needles of Horizon Contemplation
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The Red Thread
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Spindle and Thread
The concept of the Waver residential complex in Yekaterinburg draws inspiration from the past of the Parkovy district. In order to preserve the memory of the late-19th-century flax spinning mill once located here, the architectural company KPLN turns to the theme of textiles and weaving. The project’s main expressive device is a system of ribbons made of perforated weathering steel – a material that, in such volumes, has arguably not yet been used in Russian residential projects.
From Ski Resorts to Year-Round Recreation Clusters
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Woven Into Sokolniki
Over the past few years, high-rise residential construction in former industrial zones has become the main theme of Moscow architecture. Towers are springing up here and there – but the question is what kind of towers they are. The residential complex CODE Sokolniki, designed by Ostozhenka Architects, is a project where every detail has been taken care of. The authors are attentive to the history of the site, the continuity of the urban fabric, the skyline, and visual corridors. They also proposed a motif with the lyrical name “scarf”. We take a closer look at the volumetric composition and the large-scale décor “woven”, in this case, out of terraces and balconies.
Stepan Liphart and Yuri Gerth: “Our Program Is Aesthetic”
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The Copper Mirror
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“Strangers” in the City
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Dmitry Ostroumov: “To use the language of alchemy, we are involved in the process of “transmutation...
What we ended up having was an extremely unusual conversation with Dmitry Ostroumov. Why? At the very least, because he is not just an architect specializing in the construction of Orthodox churches. And not just – which is an extreme rarity – a proponent of developing contemporary stylistics within this still highly conservative field. Dmitry Ostroumov is a Master of Theology. So in addition to the history and specifics of the company, we speak about the very concept of the temple, about canon and tradition, about the living and the eternal, and even about the Russian Logos.
A Glazed Figurine
In searching for an image for a residential building near the Novodevichy Convent, GAFA architects turned to their own perception of the place: it evoked associations with antiquity, plein-air painting, and vintage artifacts. The two towers will be entirely clad in volumetric glazed ceramic – at present, there are no other buildings like this in Russia. The complex will also stand out thanks to its metabolic bay-window cells, streamlined surfaces, a ceremonial “hotel-style” driveway, and a lobby overlooking a lush garden.
A Knight’s Move via the Cour d’Honneur
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Mountains, Groves, and Ancestral Towers
The year-round mountain resort Armkhi situated in Russia’s Republic of Ingushetia is positioned as a destination for calm family recreation and has well-established traditions shaped by its hundred-year history and the culture of the region. The development program prepared by the Genplan Institute of Moscow preserves the resort’s identity while expanding its offerings and introducing new types of tourist leisure. In the near future, the resort will feature a balneological center, a thermal complex, an interactive museum, an extreme park, and, of course, new ski slopes.
A Small Country
Mezonproekt is developing a long-term master plan for the MEPhI campus in Obninsk. Over the next ten years, an enclave territory of about 100 hectares, located in a forest on the northern edge of the city, is set to transform into a modern center for the development of the nuclear energy sector. The plan envisions attracting international students and specialists, as well as comprehensive territorial development: both through the contemporary realization of “frozen” plans from the 1980s and through the introduction of new trends – public spaces, an aquapark, a food court, a school, and even a nuclear medicine center. Public and sports facilities are intended to be accessible to city residents as well, and the campus is to be physically and functionally connected to Obninsk.
Pearl Divers
GAFA has designed an apartment complex for Derbent intended to switch people from a work mode to a resort mindset – and to give the surrounding area a much-needed jolt. The building offers two distinct faces: restrained and laconic on the city side, and a lushly ornate façade facing the sea. At the heart of the complex, a hidden pearl lies – an open-air pool with an arch, offering views of a starry sky, and providing direct access to the beach.
A Satellite Island
The Genplan Institute of Moscow has prepared a master plan for the development of the Sarpinsky and Golodny island system, located within the administrative boundaries of Volgograd and considered among the largest river islands in Russia. By 2045, the plan envisions the implementation of 15 large-scale investment projects, including sports and educational clusters, a congress center with a “Volgonarium”, a film production cluster, and twenty-one theme parks. We explain which engineering, environmental, and transportation challenges must be addressed to turn this vision into reality. The master plan solutions have already been approved and incorporated into the city’s general development plan.
The Amber Gate
The Amber City residential complex is one of the redevelopment projects in the former industrial area located beyond Moscow’s Third Ring Road near Begovaya metro station. Alexey Ilyin’s studio proposed an original master plan that transformed two clusters of towers into ceremonial propylaea, gave the complex a recognizable silhouette, and established visual connections with new high-rise developments on both right and left – thus integrating it into the scale of the growing metropolis. It is also marked by its own futuristic stylistic language, based on a reinterpreted streamline aesthetic.
A Theater Triangle
The architectural company “Chetvertoe Izmerenie” (“Fourth Dimension”) has developed the design for a new stage of the Magnitogorsk Musical Theater, rethinking not only theater architecture but also the role of the theater in the contemporary city.
Aleksei Ilyin: “I approach every task with genuine interest”
Aleksei Ilyin has been working on major urban projects for more than 30 years. He has all the necessary skills for high-rise construction in Moscow – yet he believes it’s essential to maintain variety in the typologies and scales represented in his portfolio. He is passionate about drawing – but only from life, and also in the process of working on a project. We talk about the structure and optimal size of an office, about his past and current projects, large and small tasks, and about creative priorities.
​A Golden Sunbeam
A compact brick-and-metal building in the growing Shukhov Park in Vyksa seems to absorb sunlight, transform it into yellow accents inside, and in the evening “give it back” as a warm golden glow streaming from its windows. It is, frankly, a very attractive building: both material and lightweight at the same time, with lightness inside and materiality outside. Its form is shaped by function – laconic, yet far from simple. Let’s take a closer look.