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Kasper Jørgensen: «Building for the Ongoing Evolution»

An interview with Kasper Jørgensen, a Danish architect, an expert in new technologies and “green building”, leader of the innovation department of 3XN architects

18 April 2013
Interview
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Archi.ru
- It’s in the nature of GXN to use the daylight as much as possible, or let the tree keep its natural form, or just let materials it live its own natural life. Do you see yourself as a pioneer of such approach?

Kasper Jørgensen
- I think material science is pioneering these years. We really want to take this new knowledge and use it in our buildings. I think there has been a huge gap in architecture. The whole industrialization of the way we build has forced architects for many years to think about straight lines and mass production. Now we actually start to go back a bit and look at nature, its forms and materials to design the solution we want. I think that will be tomorrow’s architecture - a much higher level of tailor-making and new expressions in terms of space and buildings.

Archi.ru
- In that most recent built project of 3XN, the Blue Planet Aquarium in Copenhagen, did you have a deliberate intention to bring the inside to the outside? It seems that visitors there feel as if they were the fish in the water, not the other way around.

Kasper Jørgensen
- We wanted tell a story by the building itself. You see, most aquariums today look like factories, or at least like something that doesn’t belong to water. So, it was very much our intention to create a feeling of connecting people to the fish or the universe of the water, and do it the whole way, so that this feeling becomes the heart of the building and embraces you like a wave. When you walk in, the first thing you notice is that the aquarium on top of your head, so you really feel as if you’re under the water. It’s the biggest aquarium in Northern Europe. We have some very big fish in huge ocean tanks. Also it’s a funny building, because we have tropical forests with free flying birds, snakes, turtles, and a lot of places where people can touch the fish and interact with nature.
Archi.ru
- Is the aquarium glass bulletproof?

Kasper Jørgensen
- Yes, it’s more than bulletproof.

Archi.ru
- Do the creatures that live there kill each other, like in the wild?

Kasper Jørgensen
- Yes. For example, we have two species of fish, and one actually eats the other. So, maybe in a half a year we will have only one species. But that’s just how nature goes sometimes.
Archi.ru
- Do you see materials as tools to facilitate people?

Kasper Jørgensen
- That’s actually what we do at GXN, the innovation unit at 3XN. We’re studying how people react to different materials. In our work we involve a psychologist to find out how materials, space, environment and atmosphere affect people. It’s interesting to investigate how we can actually make buildings that make kids learn better and stimulate knowledge sharing in corporate culture or support visitor’s curiosity in a museum.

Archi.ru
- What does stimulate sharing?
Kasper Jørgensen
- Social interacting. Creating spaces where people meet, where they pause and do it in informal settings. Providing a right framework and also creating acoustical and visual transparency. Doing that is not about having just one big open space, but actually it’s about diversity in the space that you create. We often perceive our buildings as internal cityscapes with small streets, central passes, quiet corners, places in the shadow, places in the sun… We end up having a lot of variety of contrast in the layout of our space. We always have central staircases and open connections between the floor slabs to create this kind of transparency and allow for more places where people can meet, share knowledge and interact. It’s interesting that staircases actually make you slow down, invite you to talk more together, and offer all this place for people to meet standing or sitting, or waiting... All of this creates dynamics and social interaction.
Archi.ru
- Your proposal for the Museum and Exhibition Center of Polytechnic Museum and Moscow State University didn’t win in the recent competition, but it was a very strong concept. Is it going to the archive forever? Could it be actually built elsewhere?

Kasper Jørgensen
- I feel sad it didn’t win. I really liked it. It was a strong example of 3XN’s signature work of integrating with the city and creating open space. I think it would be a very dynamic building. It would bring the Polytechnic exhibition and its various elements together. Many of our projects have some of the same elements. But this project was unique. And there can’t be a place somewhere else to build it, it was very related to that particular place.

Archi.ru
- What is overall story of that building? You’ve probably walked through it many times in your mind. How would it feel to be there?

Kasper Jørgensen
- It was really a story about bringing people together, and the city together with the building as well. It was a space that would be excellent for exhibitions, education and teaching, working and resting. But most importantly, it was taking all these functions and melting them together in this very transparent structure. It would be amazing to actually have this connectivity in such a complex building layout. I’d like to sit on the top of its terrace in the summer, looking inside the building from the outside and being a part of everything around, feeling a part of Moscow. So it’s quite sad that one is not going to be built.

Archi.ru
- Do you still feel inspired with the perspective of working in Moscow? Will you keep trying?

Kasper Jørgensen
- Definitely. We hope to be invited to similar competitions here in Moscow.

Archi.ru
- Let’s imagine you are Chief Architect of Moscow. You have zillions of square km of space and zillions of people living in it. What would you do?

Kasper Jørgensen
- I’d try to make more centers in the city and to promote local identities. So that everything would be not just about one center. All this building mass could be used to create great areas. This city seems a kind of a dead city in many places or times of the day. So I’d try to promote more diversity and make local neighborhoods more attractive.
Archi.ru
- Obviously, you are a person who cares very much about the consequences of his actions. Why did you choose architecture? Why not philosophy or a fight against hunger or poverty?

Kasper Jørgensen
- Architecture has many powerful ways to affect our lives. Some of the biggest challenges come from the building industry. If you think about energy consumption or waste, there are so many things we can improve through architecture and building industry. I’m not necessarily thinking about saving the world, but I would like to do things with a good quality. I think it’s just common sense to make buildings that don’t make you sick. It’s natural to make buildings that can have a value after they have been turned down, and it’s logical to use materials that can be recycled. Why not make buildings that are positive instead of just minimizing the negative consequences that we always hear about? We can make buildings that produce oxygen, energy and clean water, buildings that are integrated with the nature. I think that’s why I really like being an architect, because it allows me to play with all these challenges and find solutions that come to life and become real for many more than just myself.
Archi.ru
- Are you concerned with making this kind of a research and designing process available to other people?

Kasper Jørgensen
- Everything we do is open source. Of course I would not like our design to be copied, but the philosophy and the research is really to be shared. I believe architecture is best when it’s unique for a specific kind and a specific site. But we share all the knowledge we have. If you share ideas, tools and strategies, it all comes back to you. So we’re showing by example how sustainable architecture can work, and we’re hoping that this way we’re helping to build a better future.
Archi.ru
- Is your idea of sustainability wider than just green and eco? Does it mean something that gains value over time?

Kasper Jørgensen
- Yes. I see a building like an organism that becomes a part of a man-made eco-system. It can be taken apart and be integrated into another building, in a kind of circle of a building life.With such a mind-set, we can create this regenerative architecture that gives more than it takes.

Archi.ru
- Would you rather not demolish buildings at all?

Kasper Jørgensen
- Ideally I see a building becoming raw material for future buildings components. The reality is that today many buildings components are toxic. So, we can’t reuse it. But by staffing buildings with healthy materials we can actually create a scenario where turning down a building is not a bad thing, because it gives a new life to future projects. We don’t make buildings as we did twenty years ago and not even ten years ago. People will have different needs tomorrow. Building technology will be totally different in another ten years. So, I think we need to keep using the possibilities we have in our hands to create the best possible environment.

Archi.ru
- Do you feel we should build for eternity?

Kasper Jørgensen
- No, I don’t think so. We should build for the ongoing evolution.
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18 April 2013

Headlines now
Home Base
Working on the new building for Letovo Junior School – opened to students in autumn 2025 in the MSU Valley – the architects of UNK, following the client’s vision, subordinated both façades and interiors to the theme of “home”. Multiple variations of pitched roofs, a city skyline traced across glass balustrades, wooden textures, and a whole series of micro-spaces for retreat within public areas are all at the disposal of primary and middle school students. We take a closer look at the new school building – and at how it interprets current trends in educational environments.
Doubles Match
The architecture of the Tennis Palace built in Luzhniki Olympic Complex, designed by Arena Design Institute, was shaped by three factors: the proximity of the brutalist Druzhba Arena, the closeness of the Moskva River and the metro bridge overpass, as well as the specifics of the function – tennis courts require large spans, abundant light, yet at the same time protection from direct sunlight. The architects divided the building into several blocks, playing on contrast, which is further emphasized by the façades developed in collaboration with TPO Reserve and Vladimir Plotkin.
Microdynamics of Macroprocesses
Given the proximity of the multifunctional complex SOLOS to Sokolniki Park and to a major transport hub, Kleinewelt Architekten embedded in the design of the two high-rise towers a sense of dynamism more characteristic of natural phenomena than of man-made objects. Without the authors’ diagrams, this logic is not easy to decipher, although the eye immediately detects a pattern and tries to grasp it. It seems to us that one tower contains the impulse of a bud about to open, while the other evokes the movement of a lithospheric plate. Let us try to unravel it together.
The Space of Post-Cubism
Sergei Tchoban and Alexandra Sheiner, of Studio CHART, created for the exhibition of “post-cubist” sculpture by Beatrice Sandomirskaya – a talented and even “mainstream” artist, yet almost unknown even to art historians – a space akin to her sculptural language: solidly built, confidently stereometric, and subtly expressive. It curves, emphasizing the mass of the sculpture, envelops the viewer, and guides them from one perspective to another, from a generic “shrine” to a “Madonna”.
The Value of Open Space
For the site near the Barrikadnaya Metro Station, Sergey Skuratov developed five projects between 2020 and 2025. Two of them were ones that won the client’s invitation-only competitions. The fifth was recently selected by the Mayor of Moscow for implementation. The project is vivid and sculptural, expressive, eye-catching, and engaging – very much in line with the spirit of our time. And yet, this project is mid-rise rather than tall. In its northwestern part, near the metro and Druzhinnikovskaya Street, it shapes a comfortable urban environment. On the opposite side, it opens up, allowing sunlight into the courtyard and creating a spatial pause within the dense city fabric. How it is organized, what geometric principles underlie it, and why it takes this form – all this is explored in our article.
Coming From the Cold
The ArchBukhta Festival remains one of the few events in Russia where participants go through the entire process of creating an architectural object – from concept to construction. And they do so on the shores of Lake Baikal, in dedication to it. This year, GAFA took part and shared its experience: a local legend, a team-specific design code, friendship, as well as ice skating and endurance in freezing temperatures all contributed to gaining something more than just an award.
Symphony of Water and Brick
The Alter residential complex, designed by Stepan Liphart and built on a bend of the Okhta River, is an example of a “drawn house”: the number of original architectural details is virtually immeasurable. As a result, ribs, projections, and recesses create a picturesque silhouette even without a significant variation in height. Both composition and material respond to the proximity of the river and to the red-brick factory building dating back to the early 20th century. The project was also significantly shaped by recommendations from the city’s chief architect. More details in our article.
Wave and Vertical
The premium residential complex designed by GAFA for a site in the Khoroshevsky District responds to multiple constraints – the arc of a planned roadway, the water protection zone of the Khodynka River, and insolation requirements – through inventive massing. The composition is built on the interplay of two spatial layers: an elongated perimeter block and three towers concealed behind it generate the silhouette and key viewpoints, while also adding semantic depth reinforced by the façade solutions. Another defining feature is a large private courtyard, complemented by a citywide linear park.
Office on Trubnaya
We continue publishing projects by Valery Kanyashin. A building once described, a quarter century ago, as an example of “quiet modernism” has remained just that in some people’s memory. According to Anatoly Belov, its main quality is its unobtrusiveness. The architects from Ostozhenka say the leading role here is played by context and landscape – the change in elevation. Yet is it really so inconspicuous?
The First International
With this publication, we begin a series of texts dedicated to works by the late Valery Kanyashin, one of the founders of Ostozhenka Architects. As it happens, the projects he was involved in largely illustrate our understanding of the firm and its history. The first project in this series is the International Moscow Bank on Prechistenskaya Embankment.
In Memory of Valery Kanyashin
On Friday, February 27, architect Valery Kanyashin passed away – co-founder of Ostozhenka Architects and the author of many significant buildings in Moscow. We publish a text by Anatoly Belov in memory of Valery Kanyashin.
Hypertext in Space
As part of the exhibition “What We Have We (Do Not) Keep”, Sergey Tchoban, the Museum of Architecture, and the CHART studio experiment with an eco-conscious approach to exhibition design, with thematic cross-references and even with publicistic reflections on the necessity of preserving modernism, the roots of contemporary architecture, and the birth of ideas. All of this makes the exhibition, with its light and transparent design, look quite innovative. The elements – both “material” and conceptual – are familiar, yet their combination is far from conventional.
The Outline of “Foundation”
In their competition proposal for the Fili transport hub, the consortium led by Alexey Ilyin proposed an “inhabited arch” – a form that is simple yet complex. The architects emphasize that even at the competition stage, the project’s feasibility was fully calculated, taking into account the minimal nighttime closures of Bagration Avenue. How was this achieved? With what functions? Let us take a closer look. In our view, the building would have suited the heroes of Isaac Asimov’s Foundation novels perfectly.
The Flying Horizontal
“A house in the spirit of Wright”, as architect Roman Leonidov describes it, pointing to his source of inspiration, was built on a challenging wedge-shaped site. To achieve a sense of intimacy and secure good views from the windows, the entire volume had to be shifted toward the far boundary, turning the house “back” to the neighboring mansions. The main façade demonstrates time-tested techniques often employed by the company: articulated horizontals, a weightless roofline, and a triad of materials – light plaster, dark slate, and warm wood.
Needles of Horizon Contemplation
The “House of Horizons”, designed by Kleinewelt Architekten in Krylatskoye, is carefully thought out at the stereometric level – from the logic of how the volumes interlock (and, conversely, how gaps are articulated between them) to the triangular balconies that give the building its striking, slightly bristling silhouette.
The Red Thread
A linear park project prepared by Alexey Ilyin studio for the improvement of a riverbank in one of the residential districts seeks to reconnect people with nature. Two levels of the embankment invite visitors to contemplate the landscape while at the same time protecting the riverbank from excessive human impact. The “aerial street” links functional zones and the opposite banks, creating new points of attraction along the way: balconies, bridges, and even a “grotto”.
Spindle and Thread
The concept of the Waver residential complex in Yekaterinburg draws inspiration from the past of the Parkovy district. In order to preserve the memory of the late-19th-century flax spinning mill once located here, the architectural company KPLN turns to the theme of textiles and weaving. The project’s main expressive device is a system of ribbons made of perforated weathering steel – a material that, in such volumes, has arguably not yet been used in Russian residential projects.
From Ski Resorts to Year-Round Recreation Clusters
In mid-December, several architectural firms gathered to discuss a “seasonal” topic: the prospects for the development of domestic ski tourism. Where is modern infrastructure already in place, where do only remnants of the Soviet legacy remain, and where is there still nothing – but projects are underway and soon to be completed? This article explores these questions.
Woven Into Sokolniki
Over the past few years, high-rise residential construction in former industrial zones has become the main theme of Moscow architecture. Towers are springing up here and there – but the question is what kind of towers they are. The residential complex CODE Sokolniki, designed by Ostozhenka Architects, is a project where every detail has been taken care of. The authors are attentive to the history of the site, the continuity of the urban fabric, the skyline, and visual corridors. They also proposed a motif with the lyrical name “scarf”. We take a closer look at the volumetric composition and the large-scale décor “woven”, in this case, out of terraces and balconies.
Stepan Liphart and Yuri Gerth: “Our Program Is Aesthetic”
The studio of Stepan Liphart, an architect known for his distinctive signature style and one-off projects, now has a partner. Yuri Khitrov, a specialist with a broad range of competencies, will take on the part of the work that distracts one from creativity but drives the business forward. One of the aims of this partnership is to improve the urban environment through dialogue with clients and officials. We spoke with both sides about their ambitions, the firm’s development strategy, shared values, and the need for pragmatism. And why the studio is called “Liphart & Gerth” only became clear at the very end of the interview.
The Copper Mirror
The varied-toned sheen of “unsealed” copper, painterly streaks and fingerprints, exposed concrete, and the unusual proportions – when you study the ZILART Museum building by Sergei Tchoban and SPEECH architects, there is plenty to talk about. However, it seems to us that the most interesting thing is how the museum’s composition responds to the realities of the district itself. The residential district has been realized as an open-air exhibition of façade statements by contemporary architects – but without public access to the inner courtyards of the blocks. This building – that is, the museum – is exactly the opposite: on the outside, it is deliberately restrained, while inside it shines spectacularly, creating its own sunbeams in any weather.
“Strangers” in the City
We asked Alexander Skokan for a comment on the results of 2025 – and he sent us a whole article, moreover one devoted to the discussion we recently began on the “appropriateness of high-rises” – or, more broadly speaking, “contrasting insertions into the urban fabric”. The result is a text that is essentially a question: why here? Why like this?
Dmitry Ostroumov: “To use the language of alchemy, we are involved in the process of “transmutation...
What we ended up having was an extremely unusual conversation with Dmitry Ostroumov. Why? At the very least, because he is not just an architect specializing in the construction of Orthodox churches. And not just – which is an extreme rarity – a proponent of developing contemporary stylistics within this still highly conservative field. Dmitry Ostroumov is a Master of Theology. So in addition to the history and specifics of the company, we speak about the very concept of the temple, about canon and tradition, about the living and the eternal, and even about the Russian Logos.
A Glazed Figurine
In searching for an image for a residential building near the Novodevichy Convent, GAFA architects turned to their own perception of the place: it evoked associations with antiquity, plein-air painting, and vintage artifacts. The two towers will be entirely clad in volumetric glazed ceramic – at present, there are no other buildings like this in Russia. The complex will also stand out thanks to its metabolic bay-window cells, streamlined surfaces, a ceremonial “hotel-style” driveway, and a lobby overlooking a lush garden.
A Knight’s Move via the Cour d’Honneur
Intercolumnium Architects presented to the City Planning Council a residential complex project that is set to replace the Aquatoria business center on Vyborgskaya Embankment. Experts praised the overall quality of the work, but expressed reservations about the three cour d’honneurs and suggested softening the contrast between the facades facing the embankment and the Kantemirovsky Bridge.
Mountains, Groves, and Ancestral Towers
The year-round mountain resort Armkhi situated in Russia’s Republic of Ingushetia is positioned as a destination for calm family recreation and has well-established traditions shaped by its hundred-year history and the culture of the region. The development program prepared by the Genplan Institute of Moscow preserves the resort’s identity while expanding its offerings and introducing new types of tourist leisure. In the near future, the resort will feature a balneological center, a thermal complex, an interactive museum, an extreme park, and, of course, new ski slopes.
A Small Country
Mezonproekt is developing a long-term master plan for the MEPhI campus in Obninsk. Over the next ten years, an enclave territory of about 100 hectares, located in a forest on the northern edge of the city, is set to transform into a modern center for the development of the nuclear energy sector. The plan envisions attracting international students and specialists, as well as comprehensive territorial development: both through the contemporary realization of “frozen” plans from the 1980s and through the introduction of new trends – public spaces, an aquapark, a food court, a school, and even a nuclear medicine center. Public and sports facilities are intended to be accessible to city residents as well, and the campus is to be physically and functionally connected to Obninsk.
Pearl Divers
GAFA has designed an apartment complex for Derbent intended to switch people from a work mode to a resort mindset – and to give the surrounding area a much-needed jolt. The building offers two distinct faces: restrained and laconic on the city side, and a lushly ornate façade facing the sea. At the heart of the complex, a hidden pearl lies – an open-air pool with an arch, offering views of a starry sky, and providing direct access to the beach.
A Satellite Island
The Genplan Institute of Moscow has prepared a master plan for the development of the Sarpinsky and Golodny island system, located within the administrative boundaries of Volgograd and considered among the largest river islands in Russia. By 2045, the plan envisions the implementation of 15 large-scale investment projects, including sports and educational clusters, a congress center with a “Volgonarium”, a film production cluster, and twenty-one theme parks. We explain which engineering, environmental, and transportation challenges must be addressed to turn this vision into reality. The master plan solutions have already been approved and incorporated into the city’s general development plan.