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Fir Tree Dynamics

The “Airports of Region” holding is planning to build an airport in Karachay-Cherkessia, aiming to make the Arkhyz and Dombay resorts more accessible to travelers. The project that won in an invitation-only competition, submitted by Sergey Nikeshkin’s KPLN, blends natural imagery inspired by the shape of a conifer seed, open-air waiting spaces, majestic large trees, and a green roof elevated on needle-like columns. The result is both nature-inspired and WOW.

25 September 2024
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Gateway to the Mountains

Karachay-Cherkessia is the only republic in the North Caucasus that currently lacks an airport. However, within its borders lie destinations with potentially enormous tourism capacity, such as Elbrus, Arkhyz, Teberda, and Dombay. Tourists come here year-round: for skiing in the winter and for hiking amidst breathtaking landscapes in the summer. Currently, travelers must reach the area through Mineralnye Vody, where tourism traffic is increasing with each season. The development of the Elbrus resorts is expected in the coming years, while the “Arkhyz” resort is already under active development by its managing company of the same name. Additionally, the construction of a highway connecting the Arkhyz and Krasnaya Polyana resorts will speed up this growth.

In short, the need for an airport has clearly emerged.

New passenger terminal of the Caucasus airport. The competition project. Main points
Copyright: © KPLN


In 2023, the Airports of Regions company held an invitation-only competition for the airport building’s concept – this will be the company’s fourth airport built entirely from scratch. It is known that the APEX and Megabudka architecture firms also participated in the competition.

The winner, however, was KPLN.

The airport will be built near the settlement of Zelenchukskaya, on the banks of the Bolshoy Zelenchuk River. The journey from there to Arkhyz will take 1.5 hours, to Dombay – 2.5 hours, and to Cherkessk – 45 minutes.

New passenger terminal of the Caucasus airport. The competition project. Location plan
Copyright: © KPLN


The Flight of Seeds

In their search for inspiration, KPLN architects turned to the natural elements of the region, focusing initially on the majestic coniferous trees that shape the landscape of the foothills. Then, as is common today, they shifted to a macro scale and took a closer look at the needles and seeds – particularly the seeds, where the sleek triangular core is equipped with an elegant “sail”. This sail helps the seeds glide, allowing the trees to spread their habitat. The aerodynamic properties of seeds have been extensively studied, even giving rise to a term like “sail coefficient”. In a way, tree seeds are also a bit like airplanes, which conceptually links the function of the airport to the “spirit of the place.” And overall, it offers a fresh perspective, since the theme of flight usually leads architects toward more predictable symbols like birds, turbines, and clouds. Here, though, we have fir tree seeds.

New passenger terminal of the Caucasus airport. The competition project. Form making
Copyright: © KPLN


The building’s layout mirrors the shape of its inspiration – a stretched triangle with rounded corners. However, the architects moved the core to the center, transforming it into an atrium. The long side of the triangle faces the airfield, while the opposite corner points like an arrow toward the highway and river. This arrow-like direction is echoed in the surrounding landscape, including the arrangement of parks and parking lots, and then dissipates into a roundabout. In the visualizations, the circle resembles a lens through which the terminal is projected, almost like a smaller reflection of the nearby hills.

New passenger terminal of the Caucasus airport
Copyright: © KPLN


Canopies and Hills

From distant perspectives, especially from the road, the terminal resembles a grove with clearly discernible tree trunks and a dense canopy. The canopy is represented by the fully green roof – once constructed, it will be one of the largest of its kind in Russia, where such designs are still quite rare. Among comparable examples in this “weight category”, we can recall Zaryadye Park and the Kulikovo Field Museum, while the Archaeological Museum of Wooden Architecture in Sviyazhsk is a bit more modest.

New passenger terminal of the Caucasus airport
Copyright: © KPLN


New passenger terminal of the Caucasus airport
Copyright: © KPLN


The “grove” includes not only trees but also a hill, which the architects placed at the boundary of the spaces. Part of the hill spills outside and integrates into the composition of the entrance area, organized under the wide cantilever of the canopy. The canopy is supported by clusters of columns with wooden finishes, resembling conifer needles. Meanwhile, the thin slats under the canopy evoke the appearance of lamellar gills – the underside of mushrooms like saffron milk caps, chanterelles, or milk mushrooms.

New passenger terminal of the Caucasus airport. The entrance area
Copyright: © KPLN


The second part of the hill becomes the central feature of the waiting area. Inside, there is a small café with a terrace, as well as a capsule hotel – transforming what might be a frustrating necessity, due to an early or late flight, into a unique and positive experience. The open-air rest and waiting area is another exceptional solution in airport terminal typology – even if the picturesque cedar trees seen in the visualizations do not make it into the final design. But we hope they do!

It’s intriguing to imagine: a giant fir seed lands on the ground and “grows,” first into the volume of the airport, and then into the towering trees of its majestic species.

New passenger terminal of the Caucasus airport
Copyright: © KPLN


New passenger terminal of the Caucasus airport. Green public space in the center
Copyright: © KPLN


New passenger terminal of the Caucasus airport. Green public space in the center
Copyright: © KPLN


In the Land of Wild Grasses

Outside, the departure and arrival halls are separated by the hill. Upon entering the terminal, departing passengers step into a bright and welcoming space with intuitive, linear functional zones. After the check-in counters comes the security check, followed by the waiting area with panoramic windows, café islands, retail spots, and access to the “hill” hotel. Escalators lead to the second “gallery” level, where service areas and premium lounges are located.

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    New passenger terminal of the Caucasus airport. The competition project. Fuctional zones on the 1 floor
    Copyright: © KPLN
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    New passenger terminal of the Caucasus airport. The competition project. Plan of the 1 floor
    Copyright: © KPLN
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    New passenger terminal of the Caucasus airport. The competition project
    Copyright: © KPLN
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    New passenger terminal of the Caucasus airport. The competition project. Plan
    Copyright: © KPLN


The same design techniques used outside are employed in the interior: the enormous “needles” of the columns and shrubs – which, when viewed at this scale, resemble lush moss. Clusters of columns and wooden slats are complemented by potted greenery, while LED “rivers” guide navigation. The slim window frames mimic the veil of rain or a waterfall.

All of these elements – real plants and their magnified details – offer a great alternative to the often overused landscape photo wallpapers. They help emotionally extend or, conversely, begin the traveler’s immersion in the context of the Caucasus landscapes.

On the other hand, if you think about it, you might catch an intriguing effect: many of us grew up reading stories where the characters shrink and see the world from the perspective of an ant or a talking pie. The most famous, of course, is Alice in Wonderland, but there are plenty of others – such as “The Extraordinary Adventures of Karik and Valya” by Yan Larri, or the later Soviet imitation “In the Land of Wild Grasses” by Vladimir Bragin. While modern architecture is certainly not guilty of literalism – you won’t find any oversized daisies like in those stories – the process of searching for imagery, as we’ve mentioned, is still highly relevant and far from exhausted. This exploration lies somewhere in the realm of a paradoxical shift in the observer’s point of view and scale, which is useful both for “defamiliarizing” the form and for sparking the imagination. Indeed, imagine these wooden slats as the gills of a mushroom (and yes, chanterelles do grow in the Caucasus mountains), with the clustered columns as the needles supporting them – and life suddenly seems just a little more interesting.

New passenger terminal of the Caucasus airport
Copyright: © KPLN


New passenger terminal of the Caucasus airport
Copyright: © KPLN


New passenger terminal of the Caucasus airport
Copyright: © KPLN


These same themes are echoed outside the building. A landscaped strip with patches of greenery, shaped like fir seeds, separates the terminal from the parking lot. The monotonous rows of cars are enlivened by green ribbons and islands of plant life.

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    New passenger terminal of the Caucasus airport. The landscaping
    Copyright: © KPLN
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    New passenger terminal of the Caucasus airport. The competition project. The coverage
    Copyright: © KPLN


The airport is expected to be completed by the end of 2028, and following the progress will be fascinating. If all the planned elements are successfully implemented, the “air gateway” to Karachay-Cherkessia could become one of the region’s key landmarks, worthy of admiration and attention.
New passenger terminal of the Caucasus airport. Section view 1-1
Copyright: © KPLN
New passenger terminal of the Caucasus airport. Section view 2-2
Copyright: © KPLN


25 September 2024

Headlines now
Depths of the Earth, Streams of Water
In the Malaya Okhta district, the Akzent building, designed by Stepan Liphart, was constructed. It follows a classic tripartite structure, yet it’s what you might call “hand-drawn”: each façade is unique in its form and details, some of which aren’t immediately noticeable. In this article, we explore the context and, together with the architect, delve into how the form was developed.
Fir Tree Dynamics
The “Airports of Region” holding is planning to build an airport in Karachay-Cherkessia, aiming to make the Arkhyz and Dombay resorts more accessible to travelers. The project that won in an invitation-only competition, submitted by Sergey Nikeshkin’s KPLN, blends natural imagery inspired by the shape of a conifer seed, open-air waiting spaces, majestic large trees, and a green roof elevated on needle-like columns. The result is both nature-inspired and WOW.
​A Brick Shell
In the process of designing a clubhouse situated among pine trees in a prestigious suburban area near Moscow, the architectural firm “A.Len” did the façade design part. The combination of different types of brick and masonry correlates with the volumetric and plastique solutions, further enhanced by the inclusion of wood-painted fragments and metal “glazing”.
Word Forms
ATRIUM architects love ambitious challenges, and for the firm’s thirtieth anniversary, they boldly play a game of words with an exhibition that dives deep into a self-created vocabulary. They immerse their projects – especially art installations – into this glossary, as if plunging into a current of their own. You feel as if you’re flowing through the veins of pure art, immersed in a universe of vertical cities, educational spaces – of which the architects are true masters – and the cultural codes of various locations. But what truly captivates is the bold statement that Vera Butko and Anton Nadtochy make, both through their work and this exhibition: architecture, above all, is art – the art of working with form and space.
Flexibility and Acuteness of Modernity
Luxurious, fluid, large “kokoshniks” and spiral barrel columns, as if made from colorful chewing gum: there seem to be no other mansion like this in Moscow, designed in the “Neo-Russian-Modern” style. And the “Teremok” on Malaya Kaluzhskaya, previously somewhat obscure, has “come alive with new colors” and gained visibility after its restoration for the office of the “architectural ecosystem” as the architects love to call themselves. It’s evident that Julius Borisov and the architects at UNK put their hearts into finding this new office and bringing it up to date. Let’s delve into the paradoxes of this mansion’s history and its plasticity. Spoiler: two versions of modernity meet here, both balancing on the razor’s edge of “what’s current”.
Yuri Vissarionov: “A modular house does not belong to the land”
It belongs to space, or to the air... It turns out that 3D printing is more effective when combined with a modular approach: the house is built in a workshop and then adapted to the site, including on uneven terrain. Yuri Vissarionov shares his latest experience in designing tourist complexes, both in central Russia and in the south. These include houseboats, homes printed from lightweight concrete using a 3D printer, and, of course, frame houses.
​Moscow’s First
“The quality of education largely depends on the quality of the educational environment”. This principle of the last decade has been realized by Sergey Skuratov in the project for the First Moscow Gymnasium on Rostovskaya Embankment in the Khamovniki district. The building seamlessly integrates into the complex urban landscape, responding both to the pedestrian flow of the city and the quiet alleyways. It skillfully takes advantage of the height differences and aligns with modern trends in educational space design. Let’s take a closer look.
Looking at the Water
The site of Villa Sonata stretches from the road to the water’s edge, offering its own shoreline, pier, and a picturesque river panorama. To reveal these sweeping views, Roman Leonidov “cut” the façade diagonally parallel to the river, thus getting two main axes for the house and, consequently, “two heads”. The internal core – two double-height spaces, a living room and a conservatory, with a “bridge” above them – makes the house both “transparent” and filled with light.
The White Wing
Well, it’s not exactly white. It’s more of a beige, white-stone structure that plays with the color of limestone – smoother surfaces are lighter, while rougher ones are darker. This wing unites various elements: it absorbs and interprets the surrounding themes. It responds to everything, yet maintains a cohesive expression – a challenging task! – while also incorporating recognizable features of its own, such as the dynamic cuts at the bottom, top, and middle.
Urban Dunes
The XSA Ramps team designed and built a three-part sports hub for a park in Rostov-on-Don, welcoming people of all ages and fitness levels. The skate plaza, pump track, and playground are all meticulously crafted with details that attract a diverse range of visitors. The technical execution of the shapes and slopes transforms this space into a kind of sculptural composition.
Proportional Growth
The project for the fourth phase of the ÁLIA residential area has been announced. The buildings are situated on an elongated plot – almost a “ray” that shoots out from the center of the area towards the river. Their layout reflects both a response to Moscow’s architectural preferences over the past 15 years, shifting “from blocks to towers”, and an interpretation of the neighboring business park designed by SOM. Additionally, the best apartments here are not located at the very top but closer to the middle, forming a glowing “waistline”.
The “Staircase” Building
In designing the “Details” residential complex in New Moscow, Rais Baishev spiced up the now-popular Moscow theme of a “courtyard” building with an idea drawn from the surrealist drawings by Maurits Escher. He envisioned the stepped silhouettes and descending slopes as a metaphysical mega-staircase, creating a key void within the courtyard that gave the project an internal “spine”. This concept is felt both in the building’s silhouette and on its façades.
Projection of the Quarter
No one doubted that the building that Vladimir Plotkin designed as part of the “Garden Quarters” would be the most modernist of all. And it turned out just that way: while adhering to the common design code, the building successfully combines brick and white stone, rhythmically responding to the neighboring building designed by Ostozhenka, yet tactfully and persistently making a few statements of its own. This includes the projection of the ideal urban development composition “14–9–6”, which can be found right next door, mathematical calculations, including those for various types of terraces (and perhaps the only reminder of the Soviet past of the Kauchuk rubber factory!), and the white “cross-stitch” pattern of the façade grid.
Domus Aurea
In this issue, we examine the “Tessinsky-1” house, designed by Sergey Skuratov and completed in 2023. Located in the middle of the Serebryanicheskaya Embankment district, at the intersection of its main streets, this house assumes a sort of “nodal” role: it not only responds to everything around it and preserves many memories of the former EMA factory within itself, but it weaves all this into a newly directed pattern, reconciling bright “gold” and dark-colored brick, largely with the help of the new, modern-yet-archaic Columba brick, which, come to think about it, is the most precious element here.
The Chimney of Nikola-Lenivets
In this issue, we are examining the “Obelisk House” designed by KATARSIS and built for the Arkhstoyanie 2023 festival. However, it was only finished later on, and this is why we are examining it now. It seems to us that after the “Obelisk House” appeared in Nikola-Lenivets, a dialogue and a few inner connections appeared between the temporary structures built here. These houses no longer look like “accidental neighbors”, more of which below.
​Periscope by the Bay
The jury awarded the second place in the competition for a public and cultural center in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky to the companies GORA (“Mountain”) and M4. In the consortium’s proposal, the building resembles a sperm whale with a calf swimming next to it or a periscope, whose lenses capture the most spectacular views from the surrounding landscape.
From Arcs to Dolmens
While working on the competition project for Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, ASADOV Architects prioritized the value of the natural and urban environment, aiming to preserve the balance of the location while minimizing the resemblance of the volume that they designed to a “traditional building”. The task was challenging, and the architects created three versions, one of which having been developed after the competition, where their main proposal took third place. However, the point of interest here is not the competition result but the continuity of creative thinking.
Hide and Seek
The ID Moskovskiy house, designed by Stepan Liphart in St. Petersburg, in the courtyards near Moskovskiy Avenue beyond the Obvodny Canal and recently completed, is notable for several reasons. Firstly, it has been realized with considerable accuracy, which is particularly significant as this is the first building where the architect was responsible not only for the facades but also for the layouts, allowing for better integration between the two. On the other hand, this building is interesting as an example of the “germination” of new architecture in the city: it draws on the best examples from the neighborhood and becomes an improved and developed sum of ideas found by the architect in the surrounding context.
The Big Twelve
Yesterday, the winners of the Moscow Mayor’s Architecture Award were announced and honored. Let’s take a look at what was awarded and, in some cases, even critique this esteemed award. After all, there is always room for improvement, right?
Above the Golden Horn
The residential complex “Philosophy” designed by T+T architects in Vladivostok, is one of the new projects in the “Golubinaya Pad” area, changing its development philosophy (pun intended) from single houses to a comprehensive approach. The buildings are organized along public streets, varying in height and format, with one house even executed in gallery typology, featuring a cantilever leaning on an art object.
Nuanced Alternative
How can you rhyme a square and space? Easily! But to do so, you need to rhyme everything you can possibly think of: weave everything together, like in a tensegrity structure, and find your own optics too. The new exhibition at GES-2 does just that, offering its visitor a new perspective on the history of art spanning 150 years, infused with the hope for endless multiplicity of worlds and art histories. Read on to see how this is achieved and how the exhibition design by Evgeny Ace contributes to it.
Blinds for Ice
An ice arena has been constructed in Domodedovo based on a project by Yuri Vissarionov Architects. To prevent the long façade, a technical requirement for winter sports facilities, from appearing monotonous, the architects proposed the use of suspended structures with multidirectional slats. This design protects the ice from direct sunlight while giving the wall texture and detail.
Frozen Magma
A competition for the creation of a public and cultural center was held in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. Three architectural companies made it to the final, and we consider it important to share about the work of each. Let’s start with the winner – the consortium led by Wowhaus.
Campus within a Day
In this article, we talk about what the participants of Genplan Institute of Moscow’s hackathon were doing at the MosComArchitecture booth at the “ArchMoscow” exhibition. We also discuss who won the prize and why, and what can be done with the territory of a small university on the outskirts of Moscow.
Vertical Civilization
Genpro considered the development of the vertical city concept and made it the theme of their pavilion at the “ArchMoscow” exhibition.
Marina Yegorova: “We think in terms of hectares, not square meters”
The career path of architect Marina Yegorova is quite impressive: MARHI, SPEECH, MosComArchitectura, the Genplan Institute of Moscow, and then her own architectural company. Its name Empate, which refers to the words “to draw” in Portuguese and “to empathize” in English, should not be misleading with its softness, as the firm freely works on different scales, including Integrated Territorial Development projects. We talked with Marina about various topics: urban planning experience, female leadership style, and even the love of architects for yachting.
Andrey Chuikov: “Optimum balance is achieved through economics”
The Yekaterinburg-based architectural company CNTR is in its mature stage: crystallization of principles, systematization, and standardization helped it make a qualitative leap, enhance competencies, and secure large contracts without sacrificing the aesthetic component. The head of the company, Andrey Chuikov, told us about building a business model and the bonuses that additional education in financial management provides for an architect.
The Fulcrum
Ostozhenka Architects have designed two astonishing towers practically on the edge of a slope above the Oka River in Nizhny Novgorod. These towers stand on 10-meter-tall weathered steel “legs”, with each floor offering panoramic views of the river and the city; all public spaces, including corridors, receive plenty of natural light. Here, we see a multitude of solutions that are unconventional for the residential routine of our day and age. Meanwhile, although these towers hark back to the typological explorations of the seventies, they are completely reinvented in a contemporary key. We admire Veren Group as the client – this is exactly how a “unique product” should be made – and we tell you exactly how our towers are arranged.
Crystal is Watching You
Right now, Museum Night has kicked off at the Museum of Architecture, featuring a fresh new addition – the “Crystal of Perception”, an installation by Sergey Kuznetsov, Ivan Grekov, and the KROST company, set up in the courtyard. It shimmers with light, it sings, it reacts to the approach of people, and who knows what else it can do.
The Secret Briton
The house is called “Little France”. Its composition follows the classical St. Petersburg style, with a palace-like courtyard. The decor is on the brink of Egyptian lotuses, neo-Greek acroteria, and classic 1930s “gears”; the recessed piers are Gothic, while the silhouette of the central part of the house is British. It’s quite interesting to examine all these details, attempting to understand which architectural direction they belong to. At the same time, however, the house fits like a glove in the context of the 20th line of St. Petersburg’s Vasilievsky Island; its elongated wings hold up the façade quite well.