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13 марта 2014
Уважаемый Президент Владимир Путин!25 февраля 2014 года Государственный Комитет Российской Федерации по Телевидению и Радиовещанию согласился с демонтажем знаменитой Радиобашни на Шаболовке в Москве, спроектированной инженером Владимиром Шуховым и построенной в 1922 году. Не было продемонстрировано никаких убедительных доказательств того, что она представляет опасность, хотя отсроченное техническое обслуживание оказало отрицательное воздействие на поверхность конструкции. Это величайшее творение современного инженерного и архитектурного искусства выдержало испытание временем, как в плане конструкторского новаторства, так и в плане того, что оно является символом Москвы – и все благодаря гению его разработчика и строителя Владимира Шухова, которого большинство людей считает российским эквивалентом Гюстава Эйфеля.
Передающая башня, построенная для беспроводной трансляции программ в раннюю советскую эпоху, была разработана на базе научных исследований гиперболоидов, которые Шухов предпринял в конце 19-го века. Сотни водонапорных башен, опор линий электропередач и маяков были сооружены по всей России с использованием вариантов базовой формы. Концепция была настолько блестящей, что конструкция была даже внедрена в дредноутах ВМФ США, где для постройки мачт наблюдения и передачи информации использовался этот тип структуры. Радиобашня на Шаболовке – самая большая когда-либо построенная конструкция подобного рода – остается шедевром Владимира Шухова и памятником ему. Она является одной из эмблем Москвы и одним из величайших достижений инженерного искусства двадцатого века, и все еще оказывает влияние на технические и архитектурные идеи по всему миру и обогащает их.
Несмотря на это, этот шедевр, изображенный во всех историях инженерного и архитектурного искусства, находится под угрозой демонтажа с целью замены его новой конструкцией. У гипотетического застройщика сама по себе появляется
возможность воспользоваться тем фактом, что согласно существующим градостроительным правилам на любом определенном участке земли разрешается возводить строения такой же высоты, как и существующая конструкция, без какого-либо дополнительного разрешения на производство строительных работ. Высота строений в большей части центральной Москвы, где и расположена Радиобашня, ограничена девятью этажами – это приблизительно 25 метров. Высота же Радиобашни составляет 150 метров, и если ее будут менять, появится разрешение на возведение примерно 50-этажной конструкции – золотая возможность для циничных современных Геростратов. Демонтаж башни и хранение ее составных элементов с целью ее восстановления в более позднее время, даже если такое и можно было бы сделать, будет чрезвычайно опасным, поскольку нет гарантии, что реконструкция даже будет возможной. И что самое важное, привязка башни к городским кварталам на Шаболовке, застройка, характерная для героического раннего советского периода, будут потеряны, а также будет потеряна функция, которую башня выполняет в качестве ключевого компонента панорамы и городского ландшафта Москвы. Предполагаемая конструкция, если она и будет воссоздана где-нибудь в другом месте, потеряет значительную часть своей исторической важности и весь свой урбанистический контекст.
Уважаемый Президент Путин, мы настоятельно просим Вас принять безотлагательные меры по сохранению этой весьма важной части наследия Москвы – уникального вклада российского гения инженерного искусства в мировую культуру. Пожалуйста, обеспечьте, чтобы этой великой конструкции было позволено сохраниться в качестве маяка и символа прогрессивной, обращенной в будущее цивилизации. Вместо того чтобы демонтировать ее, необходимо срочно предпринять меры по ее тщательному сохранению согласно международным стандартам, и выступить с предложением о внесении этого шедевра в Список Объектов Мирового Наследия ЮНЕСКО. Необходимость этого десятилетиями обсуждается национальными и международными экспертами.
- Tadao Ando, Architect. Osaka.
- John F. Abel, PhD, PE, F. ASCE, Past President of the International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures (IASS)
- Gorun Aran, Chair, IASS Working Group on Historic spatial Structures, Vice president of ICOMOS-ISCARSAH
- Masato Araya, Professor, Engineering, Waseda University, Japan
- William Baker, Engineer SOM, Chicago (engineer Burj Al Khalifa, Dhubai, world′s tallest building).
- Sebastiano Brandolini, Architect, Milan.
- Alan Burden, DEng MSc BSc(Eng) DIC ACGI CEng MICE MIStructE. Engineer, London and Tokyo.
- Clementine Cecil, Director, Save, London. Founder MAPS (Moscow Architecture Preservation Society).
- Henry N Cobb, Architect, New York and President, American Academy of Arts and Letters
- Jean-Louis Cohen, Sheldon H. Solow Professor in the History of Architecture, IFA, NYU, New York.
- Odile Decq, Architect, Chevalier Legion d′Honneur, Paris.
- Elizabeth Diller, Architect, New York and Professor, Princeton University.
- Kate Goodwin, Drue Heinz Curator of Architecture, Royal Academy of Arts , London.
- Dr. Rainer Graefe, Univ. Prof. Forschungsinstitut Archiv für Baukunst Universität Innsbruck.
- John Harris, Founding Curator, RIBA drawings collection, Conservator, London.
- Joerg Haspel, Professor, Head of Berlin authorities for Conservation, President, ICOMOS_Germany.
- Yoshiharu Kanebako, Structural designer. Professor, Kogakuin University, Tokyo.
- Mamoru Kawaguchi, Engineer, Tokyo, past President IASS (International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures).
- Rem Koolhaas, Architect, Rotterdam.
- Kengo Kuma Architect, Professor, Tokyo University, Tokyo.
- Phyllis Lambert, CC, GOQ, FRAIC, FRSC, RCA, Founder, Canadian Centre for Architecture, Montreal.
- Bertrand Lemoine, Architect and Engineer, Research Director, National Centre for Scientific Research, former Director General, Atelier International du Grand Paris, Paris.
- Thom Mayne, Architect, Los Angeles, Professor UCLA.
- Robin Middleton, Professor Emeritus, Columbia University. New York.
- Marc Mimram, Engineer and Architect, Professor, Paris.
- Stanislaus von Moos, Professor, Yale University. New Haven. Emeritus professor, History of Modern Art, University of Zurich.
- René Motro, President, International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures.
- Florian Musso, Professor, Technische Universität München.
- Guy Nordenson, Engineer, New York and Professor, Princeton University.
- John Ochsendorf, Engineer and Professor, MIT. Cambridge.
- Richard Pare, Photographer, Richmond, Yorks, UK.
- Leslie Robertson, Engineer, New York (engineer of original World Trade Center and many of the world′s tallest buildings).
- Mutsuro Sasaki, Engineer, Professor, Hosei University, Tokyo.
- Joerg Schlaich, Engineer, Professor Emeritus Stuttgart University, Stuttgart and Berlin.
- Sir Nicholas Serota, CH, Director, Tate Galleries and Museums, London.
- Isa Willinger, Film maker, Munich.
- Hajime Yatsuka, Professor, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Tokyo.
- Ted Zoli, Bridge Engineer, New York.
***
Respected President Vladimir Putin,
On February 25, 2014, the Russian State Committee for Television and Radio Broadcasting agreed to the dismantling of the celebrated Shabolovka Radio Tower in Moscow, designed by the engineer Vladimir Shukhov and completed in 1922. No conclusive evidence of danger has been demonstrated, although deferred maintenance has had negative effects on the surface of the structure. This superlative work of modern engineering and architecture has withstood the test of time both in its structural innovation and as a symbol of the city of Moscow thanks to the genius of its designer and builder, Vladimir Shukhov, who is generally considered the Russian equivalent of
Gustave Eiffel.
Built in order to broadcast wireless programmes of the early Soviet era, the transmitting tower was developed from the research into hyperboloids undertaken in the late 19th century by Shukhov. Using variants on the basic form, hundreds of water tanks, electrical pylons and lighthouses were erected throughout Russia. So brilliant was the concept that the design was even incorporated into US Navy dreadnoughts where the structural type was used for constructing observation and communications masts. The Shabolovka Radio Tower, the largest such structure ever built, remains as Vladimir Shukhov′s masterpiece and his monument. It is one of the emblems of Moscow, and one of the superlative engineering feats of the twentieth century, still influencing and enriching technical and architectural ideas globally. Yet this masterpiece, featured in all the histories of engineering and architecture, is now threatened with being torn down in order to be replaced by new construction. The opportunity presents itself for a speculative developer to take advantage of the fact that, under present planning regulations, it is permitted to build to the same height as an existing structure on any particular lot, without the requirement for any further planning permission.
Most of central Moscow, in which the Radio Tower site is included, is restricted to nine stories, approximately 25m. The Radio Tower at 150m, should it be replaced, would permit a structure of about 50 stories, a golden opportunity for a cynical modern Erostratus.
Dismantling the tower and storing its components in order to rebuild it later, even if it were possible to do so, would be extremely hazardous, as there is no guarantee that reconstruction will even be possible. Most importantly, the link of the tower to the Shabolovka neighbourhood, a distinguished housing scheme of the heroic early Soviet period would be lost, also lost would be its function as a
key component in the Moscow panorama and cityscape. The hypothetical structure, if it were to be recreated elsewhere, would lose much of its historical significance and all of its urban context.
Respected President Putin, we are urging you to take immediate steps to assure the preservation of this essential part of Moscow′s heritage, a unique contribution of Russian engineering genius to world culture. Instead of being dismantled, there is an urgent need for its careful conservation along international standards and to nominate this masterpiece into the UNESCO World Heritage List.
This necessity has been discussed by national and international experts for decades. Please assure that this great structure be permitted to remain as a beacon and symbol of progressive, forwardlooking civilization.
An open letter to President Vladimir Putin concerning the fate of the Shukhov Radio Tower on Shabolovka St. Moscow
March 13 2014
Respected President Vladimir Putin,
On February 25, 2014, the Russian State Committee for Television and Radio Broadcasting agreed to the dismantling of the celebrated Shabolovka Radio Tower in Moscow, designed by the engineer Vladimir Shukhov and completed in 1922. No conclusive evidence of danger has been demonstrated, although deferred maintenance has had negative effects on the surface of the structure. This superlative work of modern engineering and architecture has withstood the test of time both in its structural innovation and as a symbol of the city of Moscow thanks to the genius of its designer and builder, Vladimir Shukhov, who is generally considered the Russian equivalent of
Gustave Eiffel.
Built in order to broadcast wireless programmes of the early Soviet era, the transmitting tower was developed from the research into hyperboloids undertaken in the late 19th century by Shukhov. Using variants on the basic form, hundreds of water tanks, electrical pylons and lighthouses were erected throughout Russia. So brilliant was the concept that the design was even incorporated into US Navy dreadnoughts where the structural type was used for constructing observation and communications masts. The Shabolovka Radio Tower, the largest such structure ever built, remains as Vladimir Shukhov′s masterpiece and his monument. It is one of the emblems of Moscow, and one of the superlative engineering feats of the twentieth century, still influencing and enriching technical and architectural ideas globally. Yet this masterpiece, featured in all the histories of engineering and architecture, is now threatened with being torn down in order to be replaced by new construction. The opportunity presents itself for a speculative developer to take advantage of the fact that, under present planning regulations, it is permitted to build to the same height as an existing structure on any particular lot, without the requirement for any further planning permission.
Most of central Moscow, in which the Radio Tower site is included, is restricted to nine stories, approximately 25m. The Radio Tower at 150m, should it be replaced, would permit a structure of about 50 stories, a golden opportunity for a cynical modern Erostratus.
Dismantling the tower and storing its components in order to rebuild it later, even if it were possible to do so, would be extremely hazardous, as there is no guarantee that reconstruction will even be possible. Most importantly, the link of the tower to the Shabolovka neighbourhood, a distinguished housing scheme of the heroic early Soviet period would be lost, also lost would be its function as a
key component in the Moscow panorama and cityscape. The hypothetical structure, if it were to be recreated elsewhere, would lose much of its historical significance and all of its urban context.
Respected President Putin, we are urging you to take immediate steps to assure the preservation of this essential part of Moscow′s heritage, a unique contribution of Russian engineering genius to world culture. Instead of being dismantled, there is an urgent need for its careful conservation along international standards and to nominate this masterpiece into the UNESCO World Heritage List.
This necessity has been discussed by national and international experts for decades. Please assure that this great structure be permitted to remain as a beacon and symbol of progressive, forwardlooking civilization.
