Через год, в 1927 году, состоялось не менее важное событие в архитектурной истории молодой республики – всесоюзный конкурс на проект «Памятника 26 бакинским комиссарам» в Ереване, который в последующем был преобразован в конкурс на «Монумент Степана Шаумаяна» - главы 26 бакинских комиссаров. В этом конкурсе Александр Таманян выступил председателем жюри. Конкурс проходил в два этапа. По результатам был выбран проект скульптора Григория Кепинова и архитектора Александра Гринберга, поддержанный и самим Таманяном. Однако под давлением авторитетных культурных деятелей – художника Мартироса Сарьяна и писательницы Мариэтты Шагинян был выбран и затем реализован проект Сергея Меркурова и Ивана Жолтовского, занявший второе место на конкурсе. К сожалению, видимо, из-за небольшого масштаба монумента, данный сюжет истории архитектуры Армении остался малоизученным.
Данный доклад ставит целью переосмыслить во временной траектории историю этого одного из самых интересных событий, произошедших в советской архитектуре 1920-х годов, а также рассмотреть его в качестве политического инструмента налаживания диалога между центральной властью и периферией Советской империи.
A History of the All-Union Competition for the Stepan Shaumyan Monument in Yerevan
The first architectural competitions, held in the 1920s in Soviet Armenia, contain and, at the same time, hide the key ideological, professional processes and confrontations that were determined by the formation of Soviet Armenian architecture. In 1926, the first architectural competition in the country's modern history was held in Soviet Armenia; it was for the design of the building of the People's House in Yerevan (later, the Opera and Ballet Theatre). The organizer was Academician of Architecture Alexander Tamanyan. Vladimir Schuko was also a guest jury. After the controversies and disputations, and the increasing resistance of young Constructivists Karo Alabyan, Mikael Mazmanyan, Gevorg Kochar, and others, the Tamanyan's project that was implemented.
A year later, in 1927, not less important event in the architectural history of the young republic took place: the all-Union competition for the project of a Monument for 26 Baku Commissars in Yerevan, which was later reformatted into a competition for the Stepan Shaumyan Monument, who was the leader of those 26 Commissars in Baku. At that competition, Alexander Tamanyan was the chairman of the jury. The competition was held in two stages. Based on the results, the winner was the project by sculptor Grigory Kepinov and architect Alexander Grinberg, which was supported by Tamanyan himself. However, under some pressure from authoritative cultural figures – artist Martiros Saryan and writer Marietta Shaginyan – the project, which took the second place in the competition, was chosen and subsequently implemented – that one by Sergey Merkurov and Ivan Zholtovsky.
Unfortunately, due to the small scale of the monument, considering it was not insignificant for the architectural history of the country, the history has remained poorly understood. In a temporal trajectory, the aim of this text is to reconsider the history of one of the interesting events that took place in Soviet architecture in the 1920s – the creation of the Stepan Shaumyan Monument in Yerevan, particularly, in the context of establishing a dialogue between the central government and the periphery of the Soviet Empire.
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