Автор текста:
М.В. Нащокина
В 1880-х гг. был сделан генеральный план города, развитие которого первоначально шло по привычной общеамериканской схеме. Лишь в начале 1900-х гг., благодаря американскому археологу и антропологу Эдгару Ли Хьюитту (1865–1946) — исследователю индейских общин и первому директору Музея Нью Мексико, обозначился интерес к архитектуре индейских пуэбло. Группа историков и архитекторов, сплотившаяся вокруг Хьюитта, стала катализатором создания нового стиля Санта Фе.
Архитектор Исаак Рапп, с 1909 г. работавший в Санта Фе, стал создателем особого стиля города, стилизующего традиционные саманные постройки индейских пуэбло, отличительными чертами которых являются использование глины, закруглённая форма углов и плоские кровли. В 1916–1917 гг. Рапп создал ключевые здания — Музей изобразительных искусств в Санта Фе и школу, ставшие точкой отсчета в развитии города в так называемом адоби-стиле.
Благодаря поддержке городских властей и местных дизайнеров, уникальная архитектура Санта Фе, стилизованная под традиционное индейское пуэбло, резко выделяет его на фоне прочих городов Нью-Мексико. В 2005 г. ЮНЕСКО присвоила Санта Фе статус креативного города народного искусства, ремесел и дизайна — первому, получившему это звание в США.
The South American city of Santa Fe, founded by the Spaniards in 1610, is the second oldest city in the United States and the most mountainous. More than thousand years ago, the Anasazi people lived here, and since the 11th century, the surrounding valleys and mountains have been covered by a network of Native American pueblos (Spanish: village), which were at war with nomadic Indians: Apaches, Comanches, Navajos and Utes. Several Indian pueblos were located on the site of Santa Fe. As a result of the American-Spanish military clash in 1848, the future states of New Mexico and California were annexed by the United States. The impetus for its development was given by the construction of the railway in the 1880s. In 1912, Santa Fe became the capital of the state of New Mexico. In the 1880s, a general plan of the city was drawn up, the development of which initially followed the usual American pattern. It was only in the early 1900s that American archaeologist and anthropologist Edgar Lee Hewitt (1865–1946), a researcher of Native American communities and the first director of the New Mexico Museum, became interested in Native American architecture. The group of historians and architects who rallied around Hewitt became the catalyst for the creation of a new Santa Fe style. Architect Isaac Rapp, who has worked in Santa Fe since 1909, became the creator of a special style of the city, stylizing traditional adobe buildings of Indian pueblos, the distinctive features of which are the use of clay, rounded corners and flat roofs. In 1916–1917 Rapp created key buildings — the Museum of Fine Arts in Santa Fe and the school, which became the starting point in the development of the city in the so-called Adobe style. Thanks to the support of the city authorities and local designers, the unique architecture of Santa Fe, stylized as a traditional Indian pueblo, sharply distinguishes it from other cities in New Mexico. In 2005, UNESCO awarded Santa Fe the status of a creative city of folk art, crafts and design, the first to receive this title in the United States.
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