Феномен неформальных поселений в Багдаде, Ирак
«Аналитическое исследование планирования»

Informal settlements (Slums) are a global phenomenon affecting over 1.1 billion people. These informal settlements are characterized by inadequate housing, lack of access to clean water and sanitation, and insecurity of tenure. Rapid urbanization in developing countries is exacerbating the growth of slums, and it is projected that an additional 2 billion people will live in slums by 2050.In Baghdad, the situation of lack of services, proper urban planning, and alternative housing options has contributed to the proliferation of informal settlements, and successive governments have failed to find a solution to this problem, which was not known until the U.S. occupation in 2003. Baghdad is one of the most prominent cities suffering from this phenomenon. This phenomenon is growing along with the country's stifling housing crisis, forcing many citizens to resort to squatting or informal settlements built on agricultural or government land designated for public projects or green spaces. This article analyzes the factors that have caused the expansion of informal settlements, the constraints on this expansion, and examines the patterns of housing architecture in these settlements in Baghdad. The author's contribution to the study of this topic is to analyze the factors causing the expansion of informal settlements Baghdad, identifying the typology of residential housing architecture in these settlements. The main conclusion of this study is that the principles of vernacular architecture are important in the beautification of informal settlements for sustainable urban development.